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gyLeÜ

 

f~wgKv

Avj­vn& iveŸyj AvÕjvwg‡bi cÖwZ A‡kl ïKwiqv ‡h, wZwb gvbyl‡K we‡eK `v‡bi gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ cï ‡_‡K Avjv`v K‡i‡Qb| we‡eK n‡”Q Ggb GK Hkx m¤ú` hvi ¸i“Z¡ cwigvc Kiv m¤¢e bq| Avi gvbyl GB we‡e‡Ki gva¨‡gB mZ¨ AbymÜvb Ki‡Z ‡c‡i‡Q Ges AmZ¨ ev fyj c_‡K wbw`©ó Ki‡Z|

cÖK…Zc‡¶ Kvj ‡Kqvg‡Zi w`‡bI GB we‡eK w`‡qB wnmve-wbKvk Kiv n‡e| ‡Kbbv Avj­vn& iveŸyj AvÕjvwgb fvj ‡_‡K g›` Avi ‡bwK ‡_‡K ΓwU‡K Avjv`v Kivi R‡b¨B gvby‡li gv‡S Zv w`‡q‡Qb| Avi GB we‡eKB n‡”Q ‡m w`‡bi H mg¯— wKQyi e¨vcv‡i `vwqZ¡kxj|

wKš‘ AZ¨š— `yt‡Li welq n‡”Q ‡h, Øxb Bmjvg Ab¨vb¨ Øx‡bi wecix‡Z cwic~Y© GKwU Øxb I ag© nIqv m‡Z¡I Avgiv ‡`L‡Z cvw”Q Zv Ab¨vb¨ Øx‡bi gZB `‡j `‡j wef³ n‡q hv‡”Q| Avi G Kvi‡YB gymjgvbMY `ye©j n‡q co‡Qb| Gi cÖK…Z KviY n‡”Q GKUvB Avi Zv nj, nv`x‡m mvKvjvB‡bi cÖwZ `„wó bv ‡`qv| ‡h nv`xmwU AwZ cÖwm× I gyZvIqvwZi m~‡Î bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqvwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi KvQ ‡_‡K Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q G‡m ‡cЇQ‡Q| ZvB ‡h ‡KD GB nv`xmwUi gva¨‡g mZ¨ c‡_i wVKvbv LyR‡e, Avj­vn& iveŸyj AvÕjvwgb Zv‡K ‡Mvgivnx ‡_‡K i¶v Ki‡eb| Avi Gi wecix‡Z ‡h ‡KD GB nv`xmwUi mv‡_ we‡ivwaZv Ki‡e ev BRwZnv` Ki‡e A_ev bd&m‡K Zvi wecix‡Z ¯’vb w`‡e Zviv ‡Mvgivn& n‡q hv‡e|

‡h eBwU eZ©gv‡b Avcbv‡`i nv‡Z Av‡Q Zv GKRb ZvKIqv m¤úbœ wewkó ‡jL‡Ki my`xN© K‡ói dmj| hv wZwb we‡eK m¤§Z `wjj I hyw³ w`‡q wj‡L‡Qb| GB eBwU e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g m‡Z¨i c_ Ly‡R cvIqvi AwaKvi Avcbv‡`i i‡q‡Q| Z‡e GB eB‡Z ‡h mKj `wjj e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv AwZ D”Pgv‡bi Ges AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨| m‡e©vcwi GB eB‡Z D‡j­wLZ cÖwZwU `wjjB n‡”Q we‡eK m¤§Z Ges hv wKQy Zvi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨Zv iv‡L Zv‡Z Avj­vn& iveŸyj AvÕjvwg‡biI mnvbyf~wZ _v‡K|

Bgvg Avjx (Avt) dvD‡Êkb GB eBwU cÖKvk Ki‡Z ‡c‡i we‡klfv‡e Mwe©Z| ‡Kbbv GB dvD‡Êk‡bi j¶¨ D‡Ïk¨ I `vwqZ¡B n‡”Q GB ai‡bi KvR Kiv hv gvbyl‡K ‡n`v‡q‡Zi e¨vcv‡i mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| mv‡_ mv‡_ hviv GB eBwU cÖKv‡k mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i Rb¨ Avj­vn& iveŸyj AvÕjvwg‡bi Kv‡Q g½j Kvgbv KiwQ|

 æ Þá ÇÚãáæÇ ÝíÓÑì Çááå Úãáßã æ ÑÓæáå


 

gyLeÜ

Bmjvg a‡g©i AvwK`v wek¦v‡mi g‡a¨ †h welqwU m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ iKg gZvgZ †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges hvi d‡j Bmjv‡gi g~j fve aviv †_‡K Zvi A_© wePy¨Z n‡q‡Q Zv nj kvdvAvZ| A_P hw` GB welqwU Bmjvg a‡g©i g~j Drm mg~n n‡Z MÖnb Kiv hvq Ges mwZ¨Kvi A_© Abyaveb Kiv nq Zvn‡j GUv GKUv D¾j I ¯úó wel‡q cwibZ n‡e hv mK‡ji Rb¨B MÖnb †hvM¨ wel‡q we‡ewPZ n‡e| ¯úó avibv bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y kvdvAvZ Avgv‡`i gv‡S weK…Z fv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| Avi ZvB kvdvAv‡Zi welqwU‡K Kzdi, ¸bvn I ... BZ¨vw` e‡jI AwfwnZ Kiv nq|

       we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ fvlvfvlx fvB †evb‡`i gZ evsjv fvlvfvlx fvB †evb‡`i gv‡SI G welqwU m¤ú‡K© ¯úó avibvi Afve cwijw¶¨Z K‡iwQ| G eBwU we‡k¦i evsjv fvlvfvlx fvB †evb‡`i D³ Afve cyiY Ki‡e e‡j Avgvi wek¦vm| ïay ZvB bq GB eBwU gb‡hvM mnKv‡i Aa¨qb Ki‡j `ywbqv I Av‡Liv‡Zi AmsL¨v gywmeZ †_‡K D×vi cvIqv m¤¢e n‡e| g~jZt kvdvAv‡Zi g~j wel‡q †Kvb wØav `›` †bB| Bmjv‡gi mKj gvhnv‡ei AbykvwiMYB kvdvAv‡Zi g~j wel‡q GKgZ| †h welq wb‡q A‰bK¨ cwijw¶Z nq Zv ïaygvÎ kvdv-AvZKvixMY‡`i `„óvš—, Dcgv Ges LywUbvwU I Avbymvw½K welq mg~n|

       eBwU g~jZt GKwU dvimx eB †_‡K Abyw`Z; A‡bK e¨¯—Zvi gv‡S GB ¸i“`vwqZ¡wU cvjb Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ, fyj åvwš— _vKvB ¯^vfvweK, Avi GRb¨ Aag ev›`vi cÖwZ ¶gvmy›`i `„wó ivLvi Rb¨ cvVKe„‡›`i cÖwZ Aby‡iva ivLwQ| AwaKš‘ hw` †Kn ms‡kvawb‡Z gZvgZ Rvwb‡q gnvbyfeZvi cwiPq w`‡q _v‡Kb Zvn‡j K…ZÁ _vK‡ev Ges cieZx© ms®‹i‡Y Zv ms‡kvab Kivi Iqv`v w`w”Q|

       eBwU cÖKv‡k mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb, B›Uvib¨vkbvj Æv݇jkb GÊ wiPvm© †m›Uvi Bgvg Avjx (Avt) dvD‡Êkb| Avkv KiwQ fwel¨‡ZI evsjvfvlv fvlx fvB‡evb‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv c~i‡Y bZyb bZzb eB cÖKv‡k mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e| †Kqvg‡Zi †mB gnv gymxe‡Zi mgq Avj­vn Zvjv Avgv‡`i Rb¨ Zuvi †kªó m„wó gynv¤§` ivm~jyj­vn (mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqvwjwn Iqvmvj­vg) †K †mB gvKv‡g gvngy‡` AwawóZ Ki“K Ges Avgv‡`i‡K Zvi kvdvAvZ bmxe Ki“K, Avwgb|

                    

 

                     ‡gvnv¤§` mvwgDj nK

                     ‡dvb:0088-02-9801865

                     B‡gBj:samiul66@yahoo.com


 

 

cÖ_g Aa¨vq

 

kvdvAv‡Zi AvwfavwbK I cvwifvwlK A_©

kvdvAv‡Zi cÖfve I KviY mg~n

Avg‡ji cÖwZ”Qwe I kvdvAvZ

cvc †gvP‡bi Rb¨ kvdvAvZ

 

 

 

kvdvAv‡Zi AvwfavwbK A_©

       kvdvAvZ Aviex kã ÔÝÚ †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q Gi A_© nj GKB cÖKvi †Kvb e¯‘i mv‡_ Abyiƒc e¯‘i ms‡hvRb| Ges GB ms‡hvR‡bi D‡Ïk¨ nj mvnvh¨ Kiv| Avi GRb¨ Aek¨B wØZxq e¯‘wUi Av‡e`b _vKv evÂbxq| Avi ZvB mvavibZ EשZb gh©v`vi AwaKvix e¨w³ wbgœ¯—‡ii e¨w³i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ K‡i _v‡K|[1]

       ÔÝÚ wecixZ kã nj æÊÑ A_©vr GKK| Avi GKwU e¯‘i mv‡_ Ab~iƒc Av‡iKwU e¯‘i ms‡hvRb †K mncvwU, †Rvov ÒkvdvÓ ejv nq|[2]

       Be‡b dv‡im e‡jb: ‡h e¨w³ kvdvAv‡Zi Rb¨ D‡ÏvMx nq, Zvi D‡Ïk¨ nvwm‡ji Rb¨ wbR¯^ kw³ mvg_© h‡_ó bq; Avi ZvB Ab¨ GK EשZg kw³i mv‡_ wb‡Ri eÜb m„wó K‡i Ges wbR¯^ D‡Ïk¨ nvwmj K‡i|[3]

       ÇáãÔøóÝÚ k‡ãi A_© nj; †h e¨w³ kvdvAvZ Ki‡j Avj­vni `iev‡i Keyj nq, †hgb bex, ivm~j I Bgvg (Avt) MY|

       ÇáãÔøöÝÚ k‡ãi A_© nj; whwb kvdvAvZ Keyj K‡ib Ges wZwb n‡jb GKgvÎ Dcvm¨ Avj­vn Zvjv| ÔÝíÚ k‡ãi A_© nj; †h e¨w³ kvdvAvZ K‡i _v‡K (GUv †mdv‡Z †gvkv‡eŸnvn hvi A_© n‡e Gm‡g dv‡qj)| 

       ÔÝÚÇÁ kãwU ÔÝíÚ k‡ãi eûePb|

      

kvdvAv‡Zi cvwifvwlK msÁv

       Be‡b Avwmi e‡jb: kvdvAvZ nj AZx‡Zi ¸bvn LvZv I fyj åvwš— ¶gv Kivi Rb¨ Av‡e`b|[4] 

       f~Zc~e© Av‡jgMY kvdvAv‡Zi evwn¨vK A_© MÖnb K‡i‡Qb,[5] G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb iKg M‡elbv Pvjvbwb| Avi cieZx© Av‡jgM‡bi wek¦vm nj: kvdvAvZ GK cÖKvi †`vqv hv Avj­vnZvjv Keyj K‡i _v‡Kb|

       Avgv‡`i g‡Z, kvdvAvZ nj †Kvb e¯‘ ev e¨w³ Ab¨ †Kvb ¸bvnMvi e¨w³i ¸bvn LvZv gvd Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ wKqvg‡Zi w`‡b Iwmjv nIqv|

       Avi Gi e¨vL¨v nj: †Kvb e¨w³ hLb Zvi D‡Ïk¨ nvwm‡ji Rb¨ wb‡R‡K `ye©j g‡b K‡i| ZLb wb‡Ri cÖ‡Póvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Ab¨ Ggb GK e¨w³i mn‡hvwMZv Kvgbv K‡i hvi †miƒc †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Avi ZvB Ggb GK e¨w³i kvdvAvZ Kvgbv K‡i whwb Avj­vn Zvjvi Kv‡Q AwZ m¤§vwbZ Ges hvi kvdvAvZ Avj­vn Zvjv Keyj K‡i _v‡Kb|

 

kvdvAv‡Zi cÖKvi †f`

       cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgvb‡K Aek¨B kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv ivL‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ †h‡nZz wewfbœ cÖKvi kvdvAv‡Zi e¨vL¨v cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q ZvB G welq ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv cÖ_‡g bvbvwea kvdvAv‡Zi e¨vL¨v Zz‡j ai‡ev, AZtci kvdvAv‡Zi mwVK aviYvwU cwi®‹vi K‡i Zzje|

 

1| wek¦ RM‡Zi m„wó cÖwµqvq kvdvAvZ 

       wek¦ RM‡Zi m„wó cÖwµqvq kvdvAv‡Zi cÖfve i‡q‡Q|

       Avj­vgv ZvevZvevB (int) Gi g‡Z, kvdvAvZ wb‡RB GKwU KviY Ges kvdvAvZ cÖv_x© e¨w³ ¶gv cvIqvi Rb¨ wbKUZg Dwmjv wn‡m‡e kvdvAvZKvixi Avkªq wb‡q _v‡K; Ges Ab¨vb¨ Dwmjv mg~‡ni g‡a¨ †hwU me‡P‡q †ewk cÖfve we¯—vi Ki‡Z cv‡i †mwUB MÖnb K‡i| GwelqwUB kvdvAv‡Zi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ welq|[6]

       Z‡e Avgiv kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© Ggb aviYv †cvlb Kwi †h, Avj­vn Zvjv `yB fv‡e kvdvAvZ Keyj K‡i _v‡Kb cÖ_gZ wek¦ RM‡Zi m„wó cÖwµqvi welq I wØZxqZ kwiqwZ welq|

       cÖ_g g‡Z, Avj­vn Zvjv me© cÖKvi KvR© KviY mg~‡ni Drm Ges Ab¨ me KviY mg~n Ae‡k‡l Zvi Kv‡QB mgvwß jvf K‡i| cweÎ †KviAvb kwidI G welqwUi mZ¨Zv cÖgvY K‡i‡Q D`vniY¯^iƒc:

        Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßãõ Çááøóåõ ÇáøóÐöì ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓãÇóæóÇÊö æó ÇáÃóÑúÖ Ýì ÓöÊøóÉö ÃóíøóÇãò Ëãøó ÇÓÊóæóì Úóáì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö  íõÏóÈøöÑõ ÇáÃóãúÑó  ãóÇ ãöä ÔÝöíÚò ÅöáÇ ãöä ÈóÚúÏö ÅöÐúäöåö

       ‡Zvgv‡`i m„wó KZ©v Avj­vn ZvÕjv Avmgvb I Rwgb‡K mvZw`‡b m„wó K‡i‡Qb| AZtci Avi‡ki w`‡K `„wócvZ Ki‡jb Ges m„wói avivevwnKZv Avbqb Ki‡jb| Zuvi AbygwZ Qvov †KnB Dwmjv n‡Z cvi‡ebv (kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv)|[7]

       hw`I G AvqvZwU Avmgvb I Rwg‡bi m„wói cÖwZ wb‡`©k K‡i Z‡e Avgv‡`i j¶¨bxq welqwU nj íÏÈøÑ ÇáÇãÑ ãÇ ãä ÔÝíÚ ÇáÇø ãä ÈÚÏ ÇÐäå Ges Zv kvdvAv‡Zi gva¨‡g wek¦ RM‡Zi m„wó cÖwµqvq welqwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z cÖ`vb K‡i Ges GUvB mwZ¨Kvi KviY I Dwmjv wn‡m‡e Mb¨ nq|

       Avgv‡`i g‡Z, wek¦ RM‡Zi m„wó cÖwµqvq kvdvAv‡Zi AvwfavwbK A_© nj ¶gv cÖvwßi KviY mg~‡ni Dwmjv|

 

2| kwiqwZ kvdvAvZ

       Gi A_© nj hv ev¯—e Rxe‡bi `vwqZ¡ KZ©‡e¨i †¶‡Î cÖwbavb‡hvM¨| Avj­vgv ZvevZvevB G welq m¤ú‡K© e‡jb: kvdvAvZ  wKQz msL¨K gvbyl I †d‡ikZvi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Z‡e GRb¨ Avj­vni AbygwZ AZ¨vek¨Kxq Ges Avj­vni AbygwZB kvdvAv‡Zi cwic~Y©Zv †`q| A_©vr Avj­vn Zvjv Zvi AbygwZ w`‡q Zvi wKQz msL¨K ev›`v‡K Keyj K‡i †bb, KviY mg¯— ivRZ¡ I KZ…©Z¡ ZuviB Rb¨|

       AZGe Avj­vn Zvjv Zvi †h me ev›`vMY‡K GB c`ghv©`v `vb K‡i‡Qb Zuviv Avj­vn Zvjvi ingZ, ¶gv, gvM‡divZ I Ab¨vb¨ ¸bvnejxi Dwmjv a‡i wKQz msL¨K ¸bvnMvi e¨w³‡K Zvi mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i Ges †h mKj Avhve H mKj e¨w³i cÖvc¨ wQj Zv †_‡K wdwi‡q Av‡b| Gfv‡e †m mKj e¨w³ Avhve †_‡K gyw³ cvq I Avhve †fvM Ki‡Z nqbv| ZvB kvdvAv‡Zi welqwU Avj­vniB ivRZ¡ I KZ…©‡Z¡i kvwgj GUv Avj­vni ivR‡Z¡i †Kvb wecixZ welq bq| Avi G welqwU Avj­vi evbx Øviv ¯úófv‡e cÖgvwYZ nq|

        ð ÝóÃõæáóÆß íõÈóÏøöáõ Çááøóåõ ÓíøöÆóÇÊöåöãú ÍóÓäÇÊò

       Avj­vn Zvjv D³ e¨w³‡`i ¸bvn LvZv‡K mIqv‡e cwie©Zb K‡ib|[8]

       g~jZ Avj­vn Zvjv hv B”Qv K‡ib ZvB K‡i _v‡Kb I †h‡Kvb Av‡`k ejeZ K‡i _v‡Kb|[9]

       kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© Avj­vgv ZvevZvevCi  D³ e¨vL¨v ÒkvdvAvZ I †`vqv Kiv GKB †kªbxf~³Ó Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q MÖnb †hvM¨|

       kZ©mv‡c‡¶ †`vqv Ki‡j ¶wZi m¤¢vebv e¨nZ K‡i Avj­vn Zvjv Zuvi ev›`vi cÖwZ Kj¨vb el©Y K‡ib| G iKg fv‡e †`vqv KivB kvdvAv‡Zi AvwfavwbK A_©| Avi kvdvAvZKvix cvcx ev›`vi ¶gvi KviY n‡q _v‡K|

 

3| Avg‡ji kvdvAvZ

       GB cÖKvi kvdvAv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq ej‡Z nq:

       gvbyl I Zvi Avg‡ji gv‡S G `ywbqvq GK ai‡bi Ava¨vwZ¥K m¤úK© i‡q‡Q Ges GB m¤úK© ‡Kqvg‡Zi w`bI ejer _vK‡e A_©vr †mw`b GB Avgj fv®‹h© (cÖwZK…wZ) n‡q DV‡e|

        G cÖm‡½ †KviAv‡b eû AvqvZ i‡q‡Q Zvi wKQz msL¨‡Ki cÖwZ `„wócvZ Kiv †kªq g‡b KiwQ| íóæúãó äóÏúÚõæÇ ßáøó ÃõäóÇÓö ÈöÅöãÇóãöåöãú   [10]

       ‡gvdv‡mmiMY G AvqvZ cÖm‡½ e‡jb: †Kqvg‡Zi w`b cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl‡K Zvi †bZvi mv‡_ cybi“Ìvb Kiv n‡e| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, ‡Kqvg‡Zi w`b †divDb Zvi Abymvix‡`i mv‡_ wb‡q Rvnvbœv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡e KviY †m `ywbqv‡ZI Zv‡`i †bZv wQj| wbgœwjwLZ AvqvZ G wel‡qi mv¶ cÖ`vb K‡i|

        íóÞúÏõãõ Þóæúãóåõ íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóãóÇÉö ÝóÃóæúÑóÏóåõãõ ÇáäøóÇÑó

†divDb †Kqvg‡Zi w`b Zvi Abymvix‡`i‡K Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸b wb‡¶c Ki‡e|[11]

       GLv‡b Aviex kã ÇæÑÏ Gi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡j eySv hv‡e †h, †h †divDb Zvi †Mv‡Îi Rb¨ †Mvgivwni KviY n‡q wQj †mB Avevi wKqvg‡Zi w`b Zv‡`i‡K Rvnvbœv‡g wb‡¶c Ki‡e| djvdj GB `vovq †h, †hfv‡e †m `ywbqv‡Z Zv‡`i AcK‡g©i KviY n‡qwQj †Kqvg‡Zi w`bI †mfv‡e Rvnvbœv‡gi KviY n‡e|

       Avg‡ji cÖwZK…wZ (fv®‹h©) m¤ú‡K© wKQz msL¨K nv`xmI ewY©Z Av‡Q| D`vniY ¯^iƒc †m me nv`xm bvgvR cov, †ivRv ivLv I ‡KviAvb †ZjvIqvZ BZ¨vw` †Kqvg‡Zi w`b gvby‡li Rb¨ fv®‹h© n‡q `uvov‡e I Zvi Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki‡e|

       ivmyjyj­vn mvj­vj­vn AvjvBwn Iqvwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡j‡Qb, †Kqvg‡Zi w`b †KviAvb I †ivRv gvby‡li Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki‡e| †ivRv ej‡e, ‡n ciIqvi‡`Mvi! Zvi Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Kivi AbygwZ `vI, KviY Avwg A‡K mvivw`bfi LvIqv I cvbvnvi †_‡K weiZ †i‡LwQ Ges Kvgfve I AvKvsL¨v †_‡K weiZ †i‡LwQ| †KviAvb ej‡e, †n Avj­vn! Zvi Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Kivi †ZŠwdK `vI, KviY Avwg Zv‡K iv‡Z Nygv‡Z †`Bwb| ZLb †ivRv I †KviAvb kvdvAvZ Ki‡e Ges Avj­vn Zvjv Zv‡`i kvdvAvZ Keyj Ki‡eb|[12]

       Avn‡j mybœv‡Zi eo GK Av‡jg Ò‡kL ZvbZvwfÓ kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, †R‡b bvI, (D`vniY¯^iƒc), kvdvAv‡Zi exR, MvQ I dj i‡q‡Q| Avi G¸‡jv nj ‡Kqvg‡Zi w`‡bi bvhvZ (Avhve †_‡K gyw³) cvIqvi Dwmjv| Avj­vni bex ivm~j (Avt) MY gvbyl‡K kwiq‡Zi AvnKvg wk¶v w`‡q exR ecb K‡ib| Avi gvbyl hw` †m Abycv‡Z Avgj K‡i Zvn‡j dj jv‡fi †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i Ges ‡Kqvg‡Zi w`b †mB dj (Avhve †_‡K gyw³) jvf K‡i _vK‡e| AZGe kvdvAv‡Zi ïi“ nj kvdvAvZ m¤úwK©Z Ávb, AZtci Avgj I me‡k‡l mdjZv I †e‡nk‡Zi DaŸ©Zg gh©v`v nj Zvi djvdj|[13]

       Avgv‡`i g‡Z, ÒAvg‡ji kvdvAvZÓ kvdvAv‡Zi GK iKg AvwfavwbK A_©| Avi kvdvAv‡Zi cvwifvwlK A_© Ab¨ iKg|

 

kvdvAvZ: cvc †gvPb A_ev AbyMÖn

       G ai‡bi kvdvAv‡Z Avj­vni ˆbKU¨ cÖvß ev›`v‡`i ga¨¯’Zvq ¸bv‡ni ¶gv Ges †m †¶‡Î bv †`Lvi fve Kivi kvwgj| G‡K cvc †gvPb A_ev AbyMÖn g~jK kvdvAvZI ejv n‡q _v‡K| Gi KviY nj, Avj­vni ˆbKU¨cvß ev›`v‡`i ga¨¯’Zvq ¸bvnMvi ev›`v‡`i Rb¨ ¶gv A_ev AbyMÖn n‡q _v‡K| A_©vr Avj­vn Zvjv Zuvi ˆbKU¨cvß ev›`v‡`i Dwmjvq Zuvi AbyMÖn I ingZ cvcx ev›`v‡`i (hviv Avhv‡ei Dc‡hvMx wQj) Dci el©Y K‡i _v‡Kb|

       Gi e¨vL¨vq ej‡Z nq, Avj­vn Zvjv AKíbxq ing‡Zi gvwjK| cweÎ †KviAv‡bi AvqvZ mg~nI G e¨vcv‡i h‡_ó ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Q †KviAv‡b Gfv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q, ‡n ciIqvi †`Mvi †Zvgvi Amxg Ávb I ingZ wek¦ Rvnvb‡K †Q‡q †d‡j‡Q|[14]

       Avj­vni ˆbKU¨cÖvß ev›`v‡`i Dwmjvq cvcx ev›`v‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Kiv GK iK‡gi †Lv`vqx ingZ el©‡bi Dcvq| Z‡e Gi †cQ‡b my¶ KviY I KviK wbwnZ i‡q‡Q| Avi Avj­vni ˆbKU¨cÖvß ev›`vMY †m me cvcx e¨w³‡`i kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib hviv kvdvAvZ cvIqvi Dc‡hvMx| Gi Ab¨gZ GKUv KviY nj Avj­vni ingZ|

 

D‡j­wLZ wZb cÖKvi kvdvAv‡Zi g‡a¨ †KvbwU cvwifvwlK kvdvAvZ e‡j Mb¨?

     Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvi ci ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, Bmjv‡gi Avwef©v‡ei c~‡e© Ges †KviAvb bvwh‡ji mg‡q Avie RvwZ kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© †h avibv ivL‡Zv Zv nj, AbyMÖn g~jKt kvdvAvZ I cvc‡gvPb hv Avj­vni ˆbKU¨cÖvß ev›`v‡`i ga¨¯’Zvq n‡q _v‡K| cweÎ †KviAv‡bi kvdvAvZ m¤úwK©Z AvqvZ mg~n (†h¸‡jv ‡KqvgZ w`e‡mi Bw½Z enb K‡i) wVK GKB cÖKvi kvdvAvZ Avi GB Av‡jvPbv †_‡K eySv hvq †h Bmjv‡gi Avwef©v‡ei c~‡e©I gvby‡li gv‡S kvdvAvZ m¤úwK©Z aviYv wQj| Ges cweÎ †KviAv‡bi kvdvAvZ m¤úwK©Z AvqvZ mg~nI  †h¸‡jv nq kvdvAvZ †K mZ¨vwqZ K‡i‡Q A_ev cÖZ¨v¶vb K‡i‡Q) wVK GKB A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| †h avibv c~e©eZx© gvby‡li gv‡S ejeZ wQj Ges wKQz wKQz AvqvZ mg~n kvdvAv‡Zi kZ© I mxgvbv wba©viY K‡i‡Q|

       g~jZt msw¶ßfv‡e ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, kvdvAv‡Zi A_© nj mycvwikKvixi Dwmjvq cvc‡gvPb| f~Zc~e© †gvdv‡m&mi dLi“Ïxb ivhx ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqvwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi ÒgvKv‡g gvngy`Ó  cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, Avn‡j mybœ‡Zi g‡Z: cvc †gvP‡bi Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wZwb Zvi Av‡jvPbvq e‡jb †h, AvRve †_‡K gyw³i Rb¨ gvby‡li cÖ‡Póv D”P gh©v`v jv‡fi †Póv I fvj Kv‡Ri cÖ‡Póvi †P‡q †kªqZi| KviY gvbyl hw` cvc †gvP‡bi †Póv bv K‡i mdjZv I Kj¨vY jv‡fi †Póv K‡i _v‡K Zvn‡j Zv‡Z Zvi †Kvb jvf n‡e bv †mB cv‡ci Kvi‡Y Zv‡K‡Zv Rvnvbœv‡g †h‡Z n‡e|ÚóÓì Ãóä íóÈúÚóËóß ÑóÈøõß ãóÞóÇãÇð ãÍúãõæÏÇ A_©: AwZ kxNÖB Avcbv‡K gvKv‡g gvngy‡` AwawôZ Ki‡eb| GB Avqv‡Zi D‡Ïk¨ nj kvw¯— †_‡K cwiÎvY|

       Avgv‡`i g‡Z kvdvAv‡Zi cvwifvwlK A_© nj,†Kqvg‡Zi w`b (Avj­vn ˆbKU¨cÖvß ev›`v‡`i Dwmjvq) cvc‡gvPb| cweÎ gvmywgb (Avt) †`i †_‡K ewY©Z nv`xm mg~‡nI G wel‡q my¯úó wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q|


 

 

wØZxq Aa¨vq: kvdvAv‡Zi `wjj cÖgvY

 

 

      1| †KviAv‡bi AvqvZ mg~n

      2| nv`xm mg~n

      3| GRgv

      4| AvK¡j (we‡eK)

 

‡KviAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K kvdvAvZ

 

       K- †h mKj AvqvZ mg~n kvdvAvZ‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i †m¸‡jvi ch©v‡jvPbv|

1|íÇóÈóäì ÅöÓÑÇÁöíáó ÇÐúßõÑõæÇ äöÚúãóÊìó ÇáøóÊì ÃóäúÚóãúÊ Úóáóíúßãú æó Ãóäì ÝóÖáúÊõßõãú Úóáì ÇáúÚÇóáóãöíäó æó ÇÊøóÞõæÇ íóæúãÇð áÇ ÊÌúÒöì äóÝúÓñ Úóä äøóÝúÓò ÔíúÆÇð æó áÇ íõÞúÈóáõ ãöäåóÇ ÔÝóÇÚóÉñ æó áÇ íõÄúÎóÐõ ãöäåóÇ ÚóÏúáñ æó áÇ åõãú íõäÕÑõæäó

I‡n ewbBmªvBjMY ¯§iY Ki, †mme †bqvg‡Zi K_v †h ¸‡jv †Zvgv‡`i‡K `vb K‡iwQ; Ges †Zvgv‡`i‡K wek¦ evmxi Dci †kªóZ¡ `vb K‡iwQ (†Zvgv‡`i‡K ivm~j w`‡q‡Q Ges wKZve); Avi †m w`b‡K fq Ki †h w`b KvD‡K Ab¨ Kvnv‡iv cyi®‹vi †`qv n‡e bv Ges Kv‡iv R‡b¨ Ab¨ Kv‡iv kvdvAvZ MÖnb Kiv n‡e bv; Ges Kv‡iv cÖwZ`vb (¶wZc~iY) Ab¨ Kv‡ivI Rb¨ MÖnb Kiv n‡e bv Ges †mw`b †Kvb mvnvh¨KvixB _vK‡ebv|[1]

 

2|íÇóÈóäì ÅöÓÑÁÇöíáó ÇÐúßõÑõæÇ äöÚúãóÊìó ÇáøóÊì ÃóäúÚóãúÊ Úóáóíúßãú æó Ãóäì ÝóÖáúÊõßãú Úóáì ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó æó ÇÊøóÞõæÇ íóæúãÇð áÇ ÊÌúÒöì äóÝúÓñ Úóä äøóÝúÓò ÔíúÆÇð æó áÇ íõÞúÈóáõ ãöäåóÇ ÚóÏúáñ æó áÇ ÊóäÝóÚõåóÇ ÔÝóÇÚóÉñ æó áÇ åõãú íõäÕÑõæäó[2]  

Dc‡iv³ `yB Avqv‡Z hw`I kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© †b‡MwUf aviYv †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q g~jZt Zv kvdvAv‡Zi djvd‡ji †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| †Kqvg‡Z kvdvAvZ msMwVZ nIqvi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| Dc‡iv³ `yB Avqv‡Z ewbBmªvBj‡`i ‡cvwlZ aviYv  (†h‡nZz Zviv bex ivm~j‡`i mš—vb ZvB Zviv Aek¨B †e‡nk‡Z hv‡e) †K LÊb Kiv n‡q‡Q Avi ZvB ejv n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i Rb¨ †Kvb kvdvAvZKvix †m w`b _vK‡eb|

 

3|æó áóÞóÏú ÌöÆúÊõãõæäóÇ ÝõÑÇóÏóì ßóãóÇ ÎóáóÞúäóßõãú Ãóæøóáó ãóÑøóÉò æó ÊóÑóßúÊõã ãøóÇ Îóæøóáúäóßõãú æóÑóÇÁó ÙåõæÑößãú  æó ãóÇ äóÑóì ãóÚóßõãú ÔÝóÚóÇÁóßõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÒóÚóãúÊõãú Ãóäåõãú Ýöíßõãú ÔÑóßóÇÄõÇ  áóÞóÏ ÊøóÞóØÚó Èóíúäóßõãú æó Öáøó Úóäßã ãøóÇ ßõäÊõãú ÊóÒúÚõãõæäó

(†Kqvg‡Zi w`b ejv n‡e) mZ¨ mZ¨ †Zvgiv G‡K G‡K mevB Avgvi Kv‡Q (wnmv‡ei Rb¨) wd‡i G‡mQ wVK †hfv‡e cÖ_gevi †Zvgv‡`i‡K m„wó K‡iwQjvg| Avwg †Zvgv‡`i‡K †h m¤ú` w`‡qwQjvg Zv meB wcQ‡b †d‡j †i‡L G‡mQ| Avwg‡Zv †Zvgv‡`i mv‡_ †Zvgv‡`i †mB ïcvwik Kvix‡`i †`LwQbv, hv‡`i m¤ú‡K© †Zvgv‡`i fyj aviYv wQj †h Zviv †Zvgv‡`i mv‡_ (Askx`vi n‡q) _vK‡e| ev¯—weKB †Zvgv‡`i ci¯ú‡ii m¤úK© wQbœ n‡q †M‡Q Ges †Zvgv‡`i KwíZ `vex mg~n DavI n‡q †M‡Q|[3]

       GB Avqv‡Z gykwiK‡`i AvwK`v wek¦vm‡K wa°vi †`qv n‡q‡Q (Zv‡`i aviYv wQj †h, Zv‡`i Gev`ZK…Z gywZ©¸‡jv †Kqvg‡Zi w`b Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki‡e)|

 

       4|íóÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÁóÇãóäõæÇ ÃóäÝöÞõæÇ ãöãøóÇ ÑóÒóÞúäÇóßõã ãøöä ÞóÈúáö Ãóä íóÃúÊìó íóæúãñ áÇ ÈóíúÚñ Ýöíåö æó áÇ ÎõáøóÉñ æó áÇ ÔÝóÇÚóÉñ  æó ÇáúßóÝöÑõæäó åõãõ ÇáÙáöãõæäó

‡n Cgvb`viMY Avwg †Zvgv‡`i‡K †h i“wR w`‡qwQ, Zv †_‡K †mw`b Avmvi c~‡e©B `vb Ki, †h w`b bv Av‡Q †Kvb ‡KbvKvUv Avi bv Av‡Q †Kvb eÜzZ¡ I mycvwik (kvdvAvZ)| Avi Kv‡diivB nj cÖK…Z Rvwjg|[4]

       GB AvqvZ m¤ú‡K© K‡qK cÖKvi Reve †`qv n‡q‡Q|

       cÖ_gZ: `ywbqv m„wói AvM †_‡K †KqvgZ ch©š— mg¯— kw³, ¶gZv, m¤ú` I †bqvg‡Zi mwZ¨Kvi gvwjK nj ciIqvi †`Mvi Avj­vn Zvjv, wZwb †mw`b mg¯— evKkw³ I KviY mg~n eÜ K‡i w`‡eb| AZGe GB AvqvZ Øviv hv eySv hvq Zv nj †h, kvdvAv‡Zi g~‡j hv aviYv Kiv nq †hgb, m¤ú` I kw³ †Kqvg‡Zi w`b Zv evwZj n‡q hv‡e| AZGe D³ AvqvZ kvdvAv‡Zi g~j welq‡K A¯^xKvi K‡ibv eis kvdvAv‡Zi fyj aviYvK…Z KviY mg~n‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

        wØZxqZ: Avj­vn Zvjv hw`I GB Avqv‡Z kvdvAvZ‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb Z‡e cieZx© Avqv‡Z kvdvAvZ‡K cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb| ‡mLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q;  [5] ãóä ÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöì íóÔÝóÚõ ÚöäÏóåõ ÅöáÇ ÈöÅöÐúäöåö  Ggb †K Av‡Q Avj­vni Kv‡Q kvdvAvZ Ki‡e Zvi AbygwZ e¨ZxZ|

  (Z‡e) Avj­vni Kv‡Q Zviv kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e hv‡`i‡K wZwb AbygwZ †`‡eb|

       GB Avqv‡Zi D‡j­wLZ cÖ‡kœi D‡Ïk¨ nj ¯^xKv‡ivw³ MÖnb Kiv| Ges Aviex ÇáÇø  Gi A_© nj wKš‘ ev A_P hv D‡j­wLZ Avqv‡Z e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q Ges Zv Øviv ejv nq †h †mw`b ïaygvÎ Avj­vni AbygwZ‡ZB kvdvAvZ Kvixi mycvwik Keyj Kiv n‡e|

       Z…ZxqZt mvwe©Kfv‡e kvdvAvZ‡K evwZj Kiv nqwb Z‡e wKQz wKQz e¨w³i kvdvAvZ‡K (mycvwik) e¨wZµg Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ‡K evwZj Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi cÖgvY Avqv‡Zi †kl As‡k ejv n‡q‡Q åõãõ ÇáÙáöãõæäó  A_©vr Kv‡diiv wb‡R‡`i Dci hyjyg K‡i‡Q †m Kvi‡Y Zviv kvdvAv‡Zi mydj †fvM Ki‡ebv|

       ¸bvn LvZv kvdvAv‡Zi Dwmjvq ¶gv Kiv n‡e| G welqwU mnxn nv`xm `vivI cÖgvwYZ nq|

ivmyjyj­vn mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb, Avwg †m me ¸bvnMvi ev›`v‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Kie hviv Rvwjg I gykwiK bq| [6]

       AZGe kvdvAv‡Zi Dwmjvq Avj­vni ingZ †c‡Z n‡j Aek¨B wkiK I hyjyg Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e|

 

5| ÝóãóÇ ÊóäÝóÚõåõãú ÔÝóÇÚóÉõ ÇáÔÇÝöÚöíäó

‡mw`b Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Kvix‡`i mycvwik MÖnb Kiv n‡e bv|[7] Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z, GB AvqvZ Øviv kvdvAvZ‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zv wVK bq| Avj­vgv ZvevZvevCi g‡Z, GB AvqvZ kvdvAv‡Zi Rb¨ GKwU `wjj ¯^iƒc KviY wbgœwjwLZ `yB cÖKvi ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q Aviex avZz hw` †Kvb bv‡gi mv‡_ hy³ nq Zvn‡j Zv †m welq‡K (avZy‡K) ¯^xK…wZ †`q|[8] gnvb Av‡jg †kL Avãyj Kv‡ni G evK¨ cÖms‡½ e‡jb, mshy³ kãwU eûeP‡b e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| hw` Zv AwZwi³ kã n‡Zv Zvn‡j eû eP‡b e¨eüZ n‡Zvbv Ges †h‡nZz GLv‡b eû eP‡b e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q ZvB Zv hyw³hy³ A_© cÖ`vb K‡i|[9]

       kvdvAvZ m¤úwK©Z ‡bwZevPK (†b‡MwUf) evK¨ mg~n ch©v‡jvPbvi ci GB djvd‡j †cŠQ‡Z cvwi †h,  D‡j­wLZ AvqvZ mg~n mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e kvdvAvZ‡K A¯^xKvi K‡iwb eis †m me AvqvZ Øviv kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© fyj aviYvi Ac‡bv`b Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges hviv g‡b K‡i †h kvdvAv‡Zi Rb¨ Avj­vni AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb †bB Zv‡`i aviYv‡K LÊb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

 

L: †h me AvqvZ kvdvAv‡Zi mxK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i|

1| m„wói ïi“ †_‡K †kl ch©š— Zviv hv K‡i _v‡K Avj­vn Zvjv meB Rv‡bb|[10] †Kvb e¨w³B kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv Avj­vni AbygwZ e¨ZxZ, Avi Zviv me©`vB Avj­vni f‡q fxZ-mš¿¯—|

       hw`I GB Avqv‡Z cÖ_‡g mK‡ji Rb¨ kvdvAvZ‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv nq wKš‘ Avqv‡Zi avivevwnKZvq ejv nq wKš‘ Zviv e¨ZxZ hv‡`i‡K Avj­vn AbygwZ †`‡eb| Aviex kã ÇáÇø ‡K Aviex‡Z nvmi ÒÍÕÑÓ wn‡m‡e Mb¨ Kiv nq Avi †h‡nZz G kãwU bv †evaK (†b‡MwUf) k‡ãi c‡i G‡m‡Q ZvB Aviex wbqg Abyhvqx †b‡MwUf‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i g~j wel‡qi mZ¨Zv cÖgvY K‡i| AZGe D‡j­wLZ AvqvZ kvdvAv‡Zi Bw½Z cÖ`vb K‡i|

2|* æó ßã ãøöä ãøóáóßò Ýì ÇáÓãÇæÇÊö áÇ ÊõÛúäì ÔÝÇÚóÊåõãú ÔíúÆÇð ÅöáÇ ãöä ÈóÚúÏö Ãóä íóÃúÐóäó Çááøóåõ áöãóä íóÔÇÁõ æó íóÑúÖì

AvKv‡k KZBbv †d‡ikZv i‡q‡Q hv‡`i †Kvb kvdvAvZ djcÖmy nq bv hZ¶Y Avj­vn hv‡K B”Qv I hvi Dci mš‘ó _v‡Kb|[11] 

       GB Avqv‡ZI c~e©eZx© Avqv‡Zi gZ ÇáÇø ‡b‡MwU‡fi c‡i e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q ZvB Abyiƒc A‡_©i wb‡`©kbv †`q|

 

3| íóæúãóÆÐò áÇ ÊóäÝóÚõ ÇáÔÝóÇÚóÉõ ÅöáÇ ãóäú ÃóÐöäó áóåõ ÇáÑøóÍúãÇóäõ æó ÑóÖìó áóåõ ÞóæúáÇð

‡mw`b †Kvb e¨w³i kvdvAvZB djcÖmy n‡e bv hZ¶Y bv Avj­vn ingvb KvD‡K kvdvAv‡Zi AbygwZ †`b Ges Zvi K_vq mš‘ó nb|[12]

       GB Avqv‡ZI cÖ_‡g †b‡MwUf evK¨ I c‡i Av‡iKwU †b‡MwUf evK¨ e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q d‡j g~jZt kvdvAv‡Zi mZ¨ZvB cÖKvk K‡i| Z‡e kZ© nj, Avj­vni AbygwZ I mš‘wó|

       Z‡e D‡j­wLZ Avqv‡Zi ÇáÔÝÇÚÉ kãwUi KvivAvZ `yB iKg n‡Z cv‡i  äÕÈI   ÑÝÚAvgiv Dc‡i †h A_© K‡iwQ Zv  ÑÝÚ Gi A_©| Avj­vgv Zvevimx Zvi wbR¯^ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ e‡j‡Qb, Dfq cÖKvi KvivAvZB ˆea|[13] hw` ÑÝÚ ivd cov nq Zvn‡j A_© n‡e kvdvAvZ‡K A¯^xKvi K‡ibv Z‡e kZ© nj Avj­vn hv‡K AbygwZ †`‡eb| Ab¨w`‡K hw` äÕÈ gvbmye cov nq Zvn‡j A_© Giƒc n‡e, †h cÖm‡½ AvqvZzj­vn Rvdi myenvbx e‡jb Avj­vni G evYx‡Z ÇáÇø kã †h D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q Zv kvdvAv‡Zi ¸i“Z¡ enb K‡i|[14]

 Avgv‡`i gZvgZB wVK ZvB| Z‡e kvdvAvZ cÖvwßi Rb¨ †Kvb cÖKvi AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb †bB Z‡e †h e¨w³ kvdvAvZ Ki‡e Zv‡K Aek¨B Avj­vni AbygwZ I mš‘wó nvwmj Ki‡Z n‡e|

       g~jZt (hw` a‡i †bqv nq Df‡qi Rb¨B Avj­vni AbygwZ wb‡Z n‡e ZeyI) Zv kvdvAv‡Zi mZ¨ZvB cÖgvY K‡i|

 

4|    æó áÇ ÊóäÝóÚõ ÇáÔÝóÇÚóÉõ ÚöäÏóåõ ÅöáÇ áöãóäú ÃóÐöäó áóåõ

       Avj­vn cvK hv‡K AbygwZ †`b †m e¨ZxZ Zuvi Kv‡Q Ab¨ Kv‡iv kvdvAvZB djcÖmy n‡e bv|[15]

       GB Avqv‡ZI cÖ_‡g kvdvAv‡Zi djvdj‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ ci¶‡YB ejv n‡q‡Q ÇáÇø áãä ÇÐä áå wKš‘ hv‡`i‡K Avj­vn cvK AbygwZ w`‡eb Zviv e¨ZxZ| KviY Aviex kã ÇáÇø hw` †b‡MwUf †Kvb ev‡K¨i c‡i e¨eüZ nq Zvn‡j Zv †_‡K c‡RwUf avibv cÖgvwYZ nq| ZvB GLv‡b m¤¢eZ ÇáÇø Øviv kvdvAvZ Kvix‡`i eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, GKgvÎ ZLbB kvdvAvZ Kvix‡`i mycvwik MÖnb †hvM¨ n‡e hLb Avj­vn cvK Zv‡`i‡K AbygwZ w`‡eb|

       wVK GKBfv‡e GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h, D³ Avqv‡Z ÇáÇø Øviv kvdvAvZKvix‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q Avi ZLb Avqv‡Zi A_© n‡e; †mB e¨w³i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ djcÖmy n‡e hvi m¤ú‡K© kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z Avj­vn cvK AbygwZ w`‡eb| gnvb Av‡jg I †gvdv‡m&mi Avj­vgv RvgvLkvix wØZxq gZ‡K cvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb wKš‘ Avj­vgv ZvevZvevC cÖ_g gZ‡K MÖnb K‡i e‡jb,    

       ÒmKj †d‡ikZvivB kvdvAv‡Zi †hvM¨Zv iv‡L Z‡e †h †Kvb welq A_ev †h †Kvb e¨w³i Rb¨B Zv cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv ïaygvÎ †h wel‡q Avj­vn Zvjv AbygwZ w`‡eb, A_ev ïaygvÎ †h e¨w³i Rb¨ Avj­vn Zvjv kvdvAvZ Kivi AbygwZ w`‡eb| AZGe Avj­vn cvK †d‡ikZv‡`i kvdvAvZ‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb wKš‘ hv‡`i‡K AbygwZ w`‡eb Zv‡`i Rb¨ Zv cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv|

       Avgv‡`i g‡ZI D³ AvqvZ kvdvAvZ cÖv_x©‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ KviY D‡j­wLZ Avqv‡Zi Øviv eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, †m e¨w³ kvdvAvZ  cvIqvi †hvM¨ bq hw` bv Avj­vn Zvjv Zvi Dci mš‘ó _v‡K|

 

5| æ äÓæÞ ÇáãÌÑãíä Çáì Ìåäøã æÑÏÇð áÇ íãáßæä ÇáÔÝÇÚÉ ÇáÇø ãä ÇÊøÎР       ÚäÏ ÇáÑÍãÜä ÚåÏÇðGB Avqv‡Z   áÇ íãáßæä k‡ãi me©bvgãÌÑãíä  Gi cÖwZ wd‡i hvq|[16] A_©vr kvdvAvZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨ †Kvb kvdvAvZB djcÖmy n‡e bv hw`bv Zviv Avj­vni KvQ †_‡K †Kvb kvdvAv‡Zi cÖwZkÖ“wZ wb‡q‡Q| GB Avqv‡Z  ÇáÇø ãä ÇÊøÎР       ÚäÏ ÇáÑÍãÜä ÚåÏÇð nvmi kãwU kvdvAvZ  cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨ e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| A_©vr hviv Avj­vni KvQ †_‡K mycvwi‡ki cÖwZkÖ“wZ wb‡q‡Q Zviv kvdvAv‡Zi djvdj †fvM Ki‡e| Z‡e Aviex kã ÚåÏÇð Gi A_© nj, Avj­vni cÖwZ Cgvb I †kl bexi †imvjv‡Zi Dci `„p wek¦vm| Avgv‡`i g‡ZI GB Avqv‡Zi D‡Ïk¨ kvdvAvZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨| KviY ÇáÇø ‡b‡MwU‡fi c‡i e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|

 

6| æó áÇ íóãúáöß ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÏúÚõæäó ãöä Ïõæäöåö ÇáÔÝÇóÚóÉó ÅöáÇ ãóä ÔåöÏó ÈöÇáúÍóÞøþö æó åõãú íóÚúáóãõæäó

hviv Avj­vn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ Kv‡iv c~Rv K‡i Zviv kvdvAv‡Zi AwaKvix n‡e bv|[17] wKš‘ hviv ¯^xKvi Ki‡Zv I wek¦vm Ki‡Zv Zv‡`i †¶‡Î kvdvAvZ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e (Cmv, DRvBi I †d‡ikZvMb)|

       c~e©eZx Avqv‡Zi hyw³i wfwˇZ GB AvqvZI kvdvAv‡Zi Aw¯—Z¡ cÖgvY K‡i|

M- †h mKj AvqvZ kvdvAv‡Zi Bw½Z cÖ`vb K‡i|

       c~‡e©v‡j­vwLZ QqwU AvqvZ kvdvAv‡Zi ¯úó wb‡`©kbv enb K‡i wKš‘ cweÎ †KviAv‡b Av‡ivI Ggb wKQz AvqvZ Av‡Q †h¸‡jv kvdvAv‡Zi Bw½Z cÖ`vb K‡i| Zvi K‡qKwU wb‡gœ Av‡jvKcvZ Kie BbkvAvj­vn|[18]

 

1| æó áóÓæúÝ íõÚúØöíß ÑóÈøõß ÝóÊÑúÖì

 Lye kxNÖB †Zvgvi ciIqvi‡`Mvi †Zvgv‡K (kvdvAv‡Zi c`vwaKvi) `vb Ki‡eb hv‡Z Zzwg mš‘ó _vK‡e|

       kvdvAvZ Kiv GK ai‡bi mvnvh¨ Kiv, Avi ivm~j (mvj­vû AvjvBwn Iqvwjwn Iqv mvj­vg) I cweÎ gvmywgb (AvjvBwn mvj­vg) †`i GB ¶gZv cÖ`vb Kiv, nvRv‡iv `ytL, K‡ói †gvKv‡ejvq GK cÖKvi mngwg©Zv ¯^iƒc| 

       wbgœwjwLZ nv`xm GK_vi mZ¨Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i| Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) e‡jb, ÒGK`v ivm~jyj­vn (mvj­vjvwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­vg) dv‡Zgv (Avt) Gi N‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb| dv‡Zgvi Mv‡q wQj D‡Ui Pvgovi ˆZwi Avev, †m Ae¯’vq Mg fv½vw”Q‡jb Ges GKB mv‡_ Zuvi mš—vb‡K `ya cvb Kivw”Q‡jb, G Ae¯’v hLb ivm~j (mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqvwjwn Iqvmvj­vg) ¯^P‡¶ †`L‡jb AkÖ“ wk³ K‡Ú ej‡jb, I‡n Kb¨v, Av‡Liv‡Zi cyi®‹v‡ii Avkvq `ywbqvi G‡nb Kó mn¨ K‡i hvI, KviY Ggb mymsev` Avgv‡K †`qv n‡q‡Q|Ó

       GB AvqvZ I kvdvAv‡Zi Bw½Z cÖ`vb K‡i, A_©vr (kvdvAv‡Zi Dwmjvq) ¶gv ivm~j (mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqvwjwn Iqvmvj­vg) Gi mš‘wói Dci wbf©i K‡i| Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) G e¨vcv‡i e‡jb:[19] Avgvi c~e© cyi“l Òivm~jyj­vnÓ (mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqvwjwn Iqv mvj­vg) Gi Kvgbv nj Avj­vni Bev`ZKvix †Kvb e¨w³ hv‡Z Rvnvbœv‡g Aewkó¨ bv _v‡K|

       Dc‡ii AvqvZ ¶gv I `vb m¤ú‡K© Bw½Z †`q, kvdvAvZ ¶gviB GKwU `„óvš—|[20]

       evkvi Be‡b kvwin evmwi: Bgvg ev‡Ki (Avt) Gi Kv‡Q cÖkœ K‡iwQjvg; †KviAv‡bi †Kvb AvqvZwU me©vwaK Avkve¨ÄK? Bgvg cÖkœ Ki‡jb: †Zvgvi †Mv‡Îi G e¨vcv‡i gZvgZ wK? ejjvg: Avgvi †Mv‡Îi avibv Avqv‡Z ZIev ((I‡n †jvK mKj ¸bvnKvixMY)) Avj­vni ingZ ‡_‡K wbivk n‡qvbv, Ges ZIev mnKv‡i Avj­vni `iev‡i wd‡i hvI|

       Bgvg: †Zvgiv hv ej Avgiv Avn‡j evBZ Zv ewjbv| Zvn‡j Avcbviv Kx e‡jb?    æ áÓæÝ íÚØíß ÑÈøß ÝÊÑÖì (GB Avqv‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨) bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg †K hv `vb Kiv n‡q‡Q  Zv nj kvdvAvZ, Avj­vni Kmg Zv nj kvdvAvZ, Avj­vni Kmg Zv nj kvdvAvZ|

       GB AvqvZwU m~iv ZIevi †m Avqv‡Zi †P‡q AwaK Avkv e¨ÄK KviY m~iv ZIevi †m AvqvZwU‡Z ¶gvi Rb¨ ZIevi kZ© Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ æ áÓæÝ íÚØíß ÑÈøß ÝÊÑÖì ‡Kvb kZ© Av‡ivc Kiv nqwb ¯úófv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q Ges `vb Kiv n‡q‡Q A_©vr ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg hv‡K Lywk kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| AZGe Avj­vn Zvjv †hLv‡b e‡j‡Qb Avwg mvwe©K fv‡e ingZ el©Y Kie Zv AZ¨waK Avkve¨Äbvi KviY n‡Z cv‡i|

 

2|  ÚóÓì Ãóä íóÈúÚóËóß ÑóÈøõß ãóÞóÇãÇð ãÍúãõæÏÇð

ð       LyeB mwbœK‡U Avj­vn Zvjv †Zvgv‡K gvKv‡g gvngy‡` (kvdvAvZKvixi c‡`) AwawóZ Ki‡eb|[21]

       GB Avqv‡ZI ¯úófv‡e kvdvAv‡Zi K_v ejv nqwb eis Zvi Bw½Z cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| AmsL¨ †iIAvZ Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h D³ Avqv‡Zi ãÞÇãÇð ãÍãæÏÇ  Øviv wVK kvdvAv‡Zi K_vB eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

       ivm~jyj­vn mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡j‡Qb ‡mUv Ggb c` hvi e‡`Šj‡Z Avgvi D¤§Z‡K kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cvie|[22]

       cÖwm× †gvdv‡m&mi dLi“Ïxb ivhx G cÖm‡½ e‡jb, G AvqvZ †_‡K ¶gv cvIqvi Dwmjv nj Zvi kvdvAvZ| wZwb e‡jb D³ AvqvZ kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© ¯úó I kw³kvjx Bw½Z cÖ`vb K‡i|[23]

      

Ab¨ GK †gvdv‡m&mi †eBRvfx e‡jb, cÖwm× I mycwiwPZ nj gvKv‡g gvnvgy` nj †mB gvKv‡g kvdvAvZ| KviY Avey ûivqiv nhiZ gynv¤§` (mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqvwjwn Iqvmvj­vg)  Gi KvQ †_‡K †iIAvqvZ K‡i‡Qb †h, gvKv‡g gvngy` †mB c` hvi e‡`Šj‡Z Avwg Avgvi D¤§Z‡K kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡ev| nv`x‡m ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †mw`b gvbyl jvBb a‡i `uvwo‡q Zuvi (ivm~‡ji) cÖksmv Ki‡eb| GUvI kvdvAv‡Zi Bw½Z cÖ`vb K‡i| Ges Zv kvdvAvZ e¨ZxZ Ab¨ wKQz n‡Z cv‡i bv|[24]

†kL Zveviwm wj‡L‡Qb: gvKv‡g gvnvgy` Gi e¨vcv‡i mg¯— †gvdvm‡miMY GRgv K‡i‡Qb|

       Dc‡iv³ AvqvZ mg~n ch©v‡jvPbvi ci Avgiv †h Dcmsnv‡i †cŠQ‡Z cvwi:

       1| ‡KviAv‡bi AvqvZ mg~n kvdvAv‡Zi †NvlYv cÖ`vb K‡i wKš‘ g~j kvdvAvZ Kvix ¯^qs Avj­vn Zvjv wb‡R Z‡e Avj­vni AbygwZ mv‡c‡¶ Ab¨ivI kvdvAv‡Zi ¶gZv cv‡eb|

       2| ‡KviAv‡bi AvqvZ kvdvAv‡Zi ¯úó wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i wKš‘ kvdvAvZKvix I kvdvAv‡Zi AwaKvix Kviv n‡eb †m m¤ú‡K© †Kvb ¯úó wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡iwb|


 

nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K kvdvAvZ:

 

       kvdvAvZ m¤úwK©Z Av‡iK cÖKvi `wjj nj, cweÎ Bgvg (Avt) †`i KvQ †_‡K cÖvß nv`xm mg~n kvdvAv‡Zi ¯úó w`K wb‡`©kbvi g~j Giƒc nv`x‡mi msL¨v GZ †ewk †h ZvIqv‡Zv‡ii ch©v‡q †cuЇQ‡Q|[25]

Avj­vgv ZvevZvevC G m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, Ò†KqvgZ w`e‡m ivm~jyj­vn mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi kvdvAv‡Zi AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z †h mKj nv`xm (wkqv I mybœx‡`i nv`xm MÖš’ mg~‡n) ewY©Z n‡q‡Q me wg‡j ZvIqv‡Zv‡ii ch©v‡q †cuЇQ‡Q|

       ‡gvdvm&wm‡i ‡KviAvb dLi“Ïxb ivhx wj‡L‡Qb:

kvdvAvZ m¤úwK©Z nv`xm mg~n hw`I GK GK Rb e¨w³i Øviv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Z_vwc Zv‡`i msL¨v A‡bK †ewk Ges †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †gvUv‡gvwU GKB welq (kvdvAvZ) ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| AZGe †m¸‡jv GKB wel‡qi eY©bv †`q| ZvB †m¸‡jv‡K †iIAvqv‡Z †gvZvIqv‡Zi ejv hv‡e| AZGe D³ nv`xm mg~n Aek¨B û¾vZ (`wjj I cÖgvY)| [26] 

 

‡gvZvwRjv m¤cÖ`v‡qi AvcwË

       ‡gvZvwRjv m¤cÖ`vq Dc‡i ewY©Z nv`x‡mi Dci AvcwË †ck K‡i‡Q Zv‡`i `wjj wbgœiƒc

       1| D³ nv`xm ¸‡jv GZB `xN©Zg †h mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e Zv msi¶Y K‡i Gch©š— †cuŠQv‡bv m¤¢e bq| m¤¢eZ ivex D³ nv`xm mg~n wb‡Ri B”Qv gZ eY©bv K‡i‡Q| ZvB †m¸‡jv mwZ¨Kvi nv`xm bq|

       2| kvdvAvZ mK‡ji m¤§wZµ‡gi NUbv wKš‘ ewY©Z nv`xm mg~n wewfbœ Avw½‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|     3| ewY©Z nv`xm ¸‡jv †KviAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi mv‡_ we‡ivac~Y©|

       4| GKK Lei hw` wbwðZ djvdj bv †`q Zvn‡j MÖnb †hvM¨Zv iv‡Lbv|

       5| kvdvAvZ GKUv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© NUbv Ges GUvi D‡Ïk¨I AZ¨waK ¸i“Z¡c~Y©, AZGe hw` †iIAvqvZ mwVK n‡Z nq Zvn‡j Aek¨B Zv ZvIqv‡Zv‡ii ch©v‡q †cuŠQ‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ D³ nv`xm †m ch©v‡q †cuЇQwb ZvB Zv wbf©yj n‡Z cv‡ibv|

 

‡gvZvwRjv m¤cÖ`v‡qi AvcwË mg~‡ni Reve:

       PviwU ch©v‡q Zv‡`i AvcwË mg~‡ni Reve †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|

       1| hw`I D³ †iIqvqvZ mg~n GKK Lei wn‡m‡e G‡m‡Q wKš‘ Zv‡`i msL¨v AMwYZ|

       2| D³ †iIqvqvZ mg~‡ni g‡a¨ GKUv wbLyZ m¤úK© we`¨gvb|

       3| AZGe D³ †iIAvqvZ mg~n ZvIqv‡Zv‡ii ch©v‡q cwiMwYZ|

       4| Avi †h †iIqvqvZ ZvIqv‡Zv‡ii ch©v‡q †cuЇQ û¾vZ I `wjj wn‡m‡e cÖhy³|

AwaKš‘ D³ †iIqvqvZ mg~n cweÎ †KviAv‡bi AvqvZ mg~‡ni mv‡_ †Kvb we‡iva †bB eis †KviAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©, Zv‡`i Ab¨vb¨ AvcwË mg~n hyw³hy³ bq e‡j Reve †`qvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b KiwQbv|

 

 

GRgvi `„wó‡Z kvdvAvZ  

       wkqv I mybœx me©cÖKvi Av‡jg‡`i HK¨e× GRgvi ØvivI kvdvAvZ ¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q| eo eo wZb Rb Av‡j‡gi wmK…wZ GLv‡b D‡j­L Kie|

       1| LvRv bvwmiDÏxb Zzmx:

 æÇáÇÌãÇÚ Úáی ÇáÔÝÇÚÉ  [27]

 kvdvAv‡Zi Rb¨ Av‡jgMY GRgv K‡i‡Qb|

2| Avj­vgv wnwj­: [28] ÇÊøÝÞÊ ÇáÚáãÇÁ Úáی ËÈæÊ ÇáÔÝÇÚÉ ááäÈí

       bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi kvdvAvZ Kivi e¨vcv‡i Av‡jgMY HK¨e× gZ w`‡q‡Qb|

       3| †kL Zvevimx:

       ÇÌãÚ ÇáãÝÓÑíä Úáì Çä ÇáãÞÇã ÇáãÍãæÏ åæ ãÞÇã ÇáÔÝÇÚÉ       

‡gvdv‡m&mMY G e¨vcv‡i HK¨gZ¨ †h, gvKv‡g gvnvgy` A_©vr gvKv‡g kvdvAvZ|[29]

       cwi‡k‡l †h welqwU D‡j­L Kie Zv nj †MvÎ, eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mKj gvhnv‡ei Abymvix gymjgvbMY kvdvAv‡Zi g~j wel‡qi e¨vcv‡i GKgZ| †gvZvwRjv m¤cÖ`vqI kvdvAvZ‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i e‡j _v‡Kb: kvdvAvZ GKwU D”P gh©v`vkxj c`| Invex m¤cÖ`vq I kvdvAvZ‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i _v‡K, Z‡e Zv‡`i wek¦vm nj ïaygvÎ Avj­vni Kv‡QB kvdvAv‡Zi cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z n‡e| Avj­vn Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi cÖv_©bv Kiv wki‡Ki mgZzj¨|

 

 

we‡e‡Ki wePv‡i kvdvAvZ

 

       we‡e‡Ki gva¨‡g kvdvAvZ cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ PviwU avc D‡j­L †hvM¨|

       1| Avj­vn Zvjv Zvi ev›`vi cÖwZ `qvkxj Ges Zvui ingZ Avhv‡ei †P‡q AMÖeZx©|

       2| †h‡nZz gvbyl Avj­vni ¶gv (Kivi ¶gZv) †K †g‡b wb‡q‡Q, AZGe we‡eK e‡j kvdvAvZ I ¶gv NUgvb welq|

       3| m„wóKZ©v Avj­vni ingZ Zuvi ev›`v‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠQ‡Z n‡j Dwmjv _vKv Avek¨Kxq hv Df‡qi gv‡S m¤úK© m„wó K‡i| KviY mªóv I m„wói gv‡S †Kvb eÜb (ev wkKj) †bB, ZvB Avj­vn Zvjv e‡jb, áíÓ ßãËáå ÔíÁ Zvui (Avj­vni) gZ Abyiƒc †Kvi wKQzB ‡bB|

       4| Avi G `y‡qi m„ó Dwmjv Df‡qi mv‡_ GK cÖKvi mvgb&Rm¨ _vK‡Z n‡e, KviY hw` Avj­vni mv‡_ Zuvi †Kvb m¤úK© bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Zvi Av‡e`b Keyj nIqvi bq, Aci w`‡K hw` ev›`vi (kvdvAvZ cÖv_x©i) mv‡_ Zuvi m¤úK© bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Zv‡K kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv|

       Avj­vni m„ó wek¦ PivP‡ii wbqg Abyhvqx e¯‘ev`x I Ava¨vwZ¥K mKj wµqvK‡g©i Rb¨ GK ev GKvwaK Dwmjvi gva¨‡g Avj­vni mvnvh¨ †cÖwiZ nq|

       AZGe Avj­vni ¶gv I gvM‡divZ cvIqvi Rb¨ Dwmjv _vKv evÄbxq|

       GKwU cÖkœ: we‡eK wK kvdvAvZ‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`q? G cÖ‡kœi Dˇi nhiZ AvqvZzj­vn gvKv‡ig wkivRxi gZ nj, ÒcÖwk¶Y welqv`xi †¶‡Î we‡e‡Ki wePvi nj, kvdvAvZ GKwU AZ¨vek¨Kxq welq Ges gvbyl‡K mdj n‡Z n‡j cÖwk¶Y wb‡q wb‡R‡K MVb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges G Rb¨ GKRb kvdvAvZKvix AZ¨vek¨Kxq| AZGe we‡eK kvdvAvZ‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`q|Ó

       Avgv‡`i g‡Z; we‡eK Ava¨vwZ¥K I ev¯‘e Rxe‡b kvdvAv‡Zi ¯^xK…wZ †`q KviY hw` GB m¤^Ü I Dwmjv bv _vK‡Zv Zvn‡j Ea©AvKvk †_‡K ing‡Zi aviv c„w_ex‡Z Avm‡Zvbv| Z‡e we‡eK kvdvAv‡Zi cvwifvwlK A_©‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`qbv, ïaygvÎ kvdvAv‡Zi m¤¢ebv‡K ¯^xK„wZ †`q| G e¨vcv‡i KvRx AvBqvR e‡jb: Avn‡j mybœv‡Zi AbymvixMY we‡e‡Ki wePv‡i kvdvAvZ‡K Rv‡qh g‡b K‡ib Ges †KviAvb nv`x‡mi `„wó‡Z kvdvAvZ‡K IqvwRe g‡b K‡i _v‡Kb|[30]  

       djvdj: we‡eK mivmwi kvdvAvZ‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`q bv Z‡e kvdvAvZKvix‡`i Dwmjvq ¸bvnMvi e¨w³‡`i ¸bvn gv‡di NUbv KziAvb I nv`xm I kwiq‡Zi `„wó‡Z Mªnb‡hvM¨ welq| kvdvAv‡Zi e¨vcv‡i †KviAvb I nv`xm wbLyZ Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i| wKš‘ we‡eK kvdvAvZ‡K Rv‡qh e‡j ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i|

kvdvAv‡Zi DcKvwiZv m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ

       gymjgvb‡`i wewfbœ m¤cÖ`vq kvdvAv‡Zi djvdj m¤ú‡K© wfbœ wfbœ gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Zvi K‡qKwU wb‡gœ D‡j­L Ki‡ev:

       1| kvdvAvZ ïaygvÎ gywgb gymjgvb‡`i mIqve I cyi®‹vi e„wׇZ Kvh©Ki nq|

       2| ‡h mKj e¨w³ AvRve cÖvwßi Dchy³ kvdvAvZ ïaygvÎ Zv‡`i †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ nq|

       3| kvdvAvZ Dc‡iv³ `ywU g‡Zi Dfq †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|

 

kvdvAv‡Zi DcKvwiZv m¤úwK©Z nv`xm

       1| mvB` DÏxb ZvdZvRvbx e‡jb,

Ò†gvZvwRjv‡`i g‡Z, kvdvAvZ ïaygvÎ Zv‡`i †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨, hviv mIqv‡ei AwaKvix, Ges kvdvAv‡Zi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i mIqve e„w× cvq hv Zv‡`i cÖvc¨ wQjbv|[31]

       2| Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) e‡jb,

ÒAvw` hyM †_‡K †kl hyM ch©š— gvby‡li g‡a¨ Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ †bB hvi Rb¨ nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi kvdvAv‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb n‡ebv|Ó[32] 

       3| Avey AvBgvb Bgvg Kv‡Rg (Avt) Gi evwo‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i ej‡jb, I‡n Avey Rvdi! Avcwb gvbyl‡K An¼vix K‡i Zzj‡Qb (KviY gvbyl‡K kvdvAv‡Zi Iqv`v w`‡”Qb) Zv‡`i‡K e‡j _v‡Kb gynv¤§‡`i kvdvAvZ, gynv¤§`‡`i kvdvAvZ!

       Bgvg Kv‡Rg (Avt) GZB ivMvwš^Z n‡jb †h, †PvL ivw½‡q ej‡jb,

       Ò‡Zvgvi Rb¨ `ytL nq,[33] I‡n Avey AvBgvb; Zzwg †h nvivg LvIqv †_‡K †Zvgvi †cU‡K weiZ †i‡LQ Kvgfve †_‡K wb‡R‡K weiZ †i‡LQ ZvB e‡j Anévix n‡q‡Qv? hw` Zzwg †Kqvg‡Zi KwVb gywme‡Zi welq Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvi‡Z Zvn‡j gynv¤§‡`i kvdvAv‡Zi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyaveb Ki‡Z| Avd‡mvm †Zvgvi Rb¨, Zzwg wK g‡b Ki †mw`b †h e¨w³ Avhv‡ei Dc‡hvMx Zv‡K Qvov wZwb Ab¨ KvD‡K kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb?

AZtci e‡jb: Av`x hyM †_‡K †KqvgZ ch©š— Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ _vK‡ebv, hvi Rb¨ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi kvdvAvZ cÖ‡qvRb n‡ebv|Ó

       Bgvg †iRv (Avt) e‡jb, ÒhLbB Avj­vni Kv‡Q †Kvb Av‡e`b Ki‡e,[34] ej: Avwg †Zvgv‡K gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Ges Avjx (Avt) Gi Kmg w`‡q WvKwQ wbðq GB `yÕe¨w³ †Zvgvi Kv‡Q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© c` I m¤§v‡bi AwaKvix|

†Kqvg‡Zi w`b Ggb †Kvb ev`kv, Avj­vni ˆbKU¨ cÖvß e¨w³, bex ivm~j I gywgb e¨w³ Aewkó _vK‡ebv hv‡`i Rb¨ G `yÕe¨w³i kvdvAvZ Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb n‡e bv|Ó

       Dc‡i ewY©Z PviwU nv`xm †_‡K ¯úó cÖgvwYZ nq †h, †h mKj e¨w³ †Kvb ¸bvn K‡iwb †hgb, †d‡ikZvMY, bex ivm~j, gywgb I mv‡jn e¨w³ eM© Zuv‡`iI kvdvAv‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| hw`I G‡`i kvdvAv‡Zi welq AKíbxq Z‡e Zvu‡`i c` I gh©v`v e„w×i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡j AKíbxq bq| KviY, Zuviv‡Zv †Kvb ¸bvn K‡iwb †h, †m Kvi‡Y kvdvAvZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| AZGe G wm×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡Z cvwi †h, Zuv‡`i e¨vcv‡i †h kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e Zv kvdvAv‡Zi cvwifvwlK A‡_© bq eis Zvi A_© nj Avj­vni mvwbœa¨ cvIqvi Rb¨ Dwmjv aiv|


 

 

 

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

 

kvdvAv‡Zi DcKvixZv

¸bvnMvi‡`i AvRve Ac‡bv`b|

‡gvZvwRjv‡`i hyw³ c`I gh©v`v e„w× cÖm‡½

‡gvZvwRjv‡`i hyw³ Lʇb nv`xm I we‡e‡Ki hyw³|

 

mZ¨ cš’x‡`i gZvgZ|

 

kvdvAvZ ¸bvnMvi‡`i AvRve Ac‡bv`‡bi KviY|

       wkqv I mybœx gvhnv‡ie wewfbœ m¤cÖ`vq (ïaygvÎ †gvZvwRjv m¤cÖ`vq e¨ZxZ) Gi wek¦vm nj kvdvAvZ ¸bvnMvi e¨w³‡`i †`vh‡Li Avhve †_‡K gyw³i KviY n‡e| Z‡e wKQz wKQz †iIqvqvZ †_‡K eySv hvq †h, kvdvAv‡Zi Kvi‡Y ¸bvn I gvd n‡q _v‡K D`vniY ¯^iƒc wb‡gœv³ nv`xm mg~n cÖwbavb †hvM¨|

       1| kvdvAvZ †m me ¸bvnMvb‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e hviv wkiK I hyjyg K‡iwb|[1]

       2| †Kqvg‡Zi w`b (me bexivB kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb) Avgvi M‡e©i welq nj †mw`b Avwg Avgvi ¸bvnMvi Dgœ‡Zi Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Kie|[2]

       3| ÒAvgvi kvdvAvZ Avgvi ¸bvnMvi Dgœ‡Zi Rb¨|Ó[3] 

       G ai‡bi cÖPzi †iIqvqvZ i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv ¸bvnMvi e¨w³‡`i †`vh‡Li Av¸b †_‡K gyw³i wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi †m Kvi‡Y wKQz wKQz Av‡jgMY `vex K‡i‡Qb †h GB †iIqvqvZ ZvIqv‡Zv‡ii ch©v‡q †cuЇQ‡Q| G cÖm‡½ gnvb †gvdv‡m&m‡i †KviAvb dLi“Ïxb ivhx wj‡L‡Qb, hw`I G ai‡bi cÖ‡Z¨KwU †iIqvqvZ GKK fv‡e GKK Lei wn‡m‡e G‡m‡Q Z_vwc GZ AwaK Ges Zv‡`i me¸‡jvi A_© cÖvq GKBiƒc| d‡j ejv hvq †h, GB nv`xm ZvËv‡Zv‡ii ch©v‡q †cuЇQ‡Q (kvdvAvZ ¸bvn gv‡di KviY)| AZGe kvdvAvZ m¤úwKZ© nv`xm GKwU û¾vZ I `wjj|[4]

‡kL ZvbZvfx (Avn‡j mybœv‡Zi GK eo Av‡jg) e‡jb, Ò‡R‡b bvI! kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© Avn‡j mybœv‡Zi wek¦vm nj †h, Zv‡`i fvlvq: kvdvAv‡Zi Kvi‡Y ¸bvnMvi‡`i cÖvc¨ AvRve ¶gv Kiv nq| GUv Gfv‡e n‡e †h, gnv gywme‡Zi †mB †Kqvg‡Zi w`‡b hLb ¸bvnMvi‡`i Rvnvbœv‡g cvVv‡bvi cwiKíbv Kiv n‡e ZLb kvdvAv‡Zi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i‡K gyw³ †`qv n‡e Ges Rvnvbœv‡gi cwie‡Z© †e‡nk‡Z cvVvb n‡e| [5]

       G cÖm‡½ mybœx I wkqv‡`i Av‡jgMY GRgv K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡`i wKQz wKQz gZvgZ wbgœiƒc:

       1| ‡kL gywd`: BgvwgqvMY GKgZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †h, †Kqvg‡Zi w`b ¸bvnMvi‡`i‡K kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e|[6]

       2| KvRx AvBqvR: Avn‡j mybœv‡Zi f~Zc~e© I mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡ji mKj Av‡jgMY, gywgb‡`i ¸bvn gv‡di Rb¨ †Kqvg‡Zi w`b kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e e‡j g‡b K‡ib|[7]

       3| dLi“Ïxb ivhx: Dgœ‡Z Bmjvgxi GRgv nj †h, nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg  †Kqvg‡Zi w`b kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb Ges AZtci e‡jb, kvdvAv‡Zi d‡j AvRve †fv‡Mi Dc‡hvMx e¨w³‡`i AvRve gvd Kiv n‡e|[8]

       ‡gvZvwRjv m¤cÖ`vq G e¨vcv‡i wØgZ cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K Ges wb‡gœv³ AvqvZ mg~‡ni D`ª“wZ w`‡q _v‡K|

 

      1| æó ÇÊøóÞõæÇ íóæúãÇð áÇ ÊÌúÒöì äóÝúÓñ Úóä äøóÝúÓò ÔíúÆÇð æó áÇ íõÞúÈóáõ ãöäåóÇ ÔÝóÇÚóÉñ æó áÇ íõÄúÎóÐõ ãöäåóÇ ÚóÏúáñ æó áÇ åõãú íõäÕÑõæäó

A_©: †mw`b‡K fq Ki, hLb †KD KviI mvgvb¨Zg DcKv‡iI Avm‡ebv Ges Zvi c‡¶¨ †Kvb kvdvAvZ I Keyj Kiv n‡ebv, KviI KvQ †_‡K †Kvb ¶wZcyiYI †bqv n‡ebv Ges Zviv †Kvb cÖKvi mvnvh¨I cv‡ebv|[9]

Avgv‡`i g‡Z GB AvqvZ ewbBmªvBj m¤cÖ`vq Gi Rb¨ bvwhj n‡q‡Q, Z‡e Ab¨ †h †Kvb †jvKB evwZj I åvš— avibvq wek¦vmx Zv‡`i †¶‡ÎI cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e A_©vr Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv Ges GB AvqvZ Zv‡`i‡K wbivk K‡i‡Q| AZGe ¸bvnMvi e¨w³‡`i ¸bvn gv‡di welq‡K GB AvqvZ cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ibv|

       Avj­vgv wnwj­ G mKj AvqvZ mg~n æáÇ ÊäÝÚåÇ ÔÝÇÚÉ  - æ íæã áÇ ÊÌÒí äÝÓ Úä äÝÓ ÔíÆÇð-  ÝãÇ ÊäÝÚåã ÔÝÇÚÉ ÇáÔÇÝÚíä  cÖm‡½ e‡jb,     æ ÇáÌæÇÈ Úä åÐå ÇáÂíÇÊ ßáåÇ ÇäøåÇ ãÎÊÕøÉ ÈÇáßÝÇøÑ

G mKj AvqvZ we‡kl K‡i Kv‡di I gykwi †`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨,[10] KviY Zviv kvdvAv‡Zi gva¨‡g †Kvbiƒc DcK…Z n‡ebv| ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Zv‡`i m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, ÇãøÇ ÔÝÇÚÊí ÝÝí ÇÕÍÇÈ ÇáßÈÇÆÑ ãÇ ÎáÇ ÇáÔј æ ÇáÙøáã

       A_©: Avgvi kvdvAvZ †m me ¸bvnMvi e¨w³‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨, hviv gykwiK I Kv‡di bq|[11] æÇá˜ÇÝÑæä åã ÇáÙÇøáãæä

GB Avqv‡Zi åã A_©vr †m me Kv‡diMY|

 

       2|    æáÇ íÔÝÚæä ÇáÇ áãä ÇÑÊÕی

‡gvZvwRjv m¤cÖ`vqI G AvqvZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv K‡i _v‡Kb †h, Avj­vn Zvjv  G Avqv‡Zi gva¨‡g Lei †`b †h, †d‡ikZviv †mw`b †Kvb e¨w³‡K kvdvAvZ Ki‡ebv wKš‘ hw` Avj­vn Zvjv KviI Dci mš‘ó _v‡K Zvn‡j †m e¨w³ kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Ges GUv ¯úó †h, dv‡mK I ¸bvnMvi e¨vw³‡`i Dci Avj­vn Zvjv mš‘ó bb, AZGe †d‡ikZviv Zv‡`i Rb¨ Ges kvdvAvZ Ki‡ebv bex ivm~jMYI Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki‡ebv, KviY kvdvAvZ Kvix‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb we‡f` †bB|

       Zv‡`i AvcwËi Reve

cÖ_g Reve: Avj­vn Zvjv †Kvb w`K w`‡qB dv‡mK e¨w³‡`i Dci mš‘ó bb| wKš‘ hw` Avj­vni GKvZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx _v‡K Ges Cgvb G‡b _v‡K Zvn‡j Zvi e¨vcv‡i kvdvAvZ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e KviY Zvi e¨vcv‡i  Avj­vn m¤§Z _vK‡eb, hw`I †m e¨w³ ¸bvnMvi n‡q _v‡K| G cÖm‡½ ivm~‡j AvKivg mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb,

Ò†d‡ikZvMY, bex ivm~j I kwn`‡`i‡K kvdvAvZ Kivi AbygwZ †`qv n‡e, Zviv kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb Ges hv‡`i Aš—‡i we›`ygvÎ Cgvb _vK‡e Zviv kvdvAv‡Zi gva¨‡g †`vh‡Li Av¸b †_‡K gyw³ cv‡e|[12] 

       GB nv`x‡m ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb, Òhw`I gvbyl cwic~Y© Cgv‡bi AwaKvix bv nq ZeyI Avj­vn Zvjv Zv‡K kvdvAvZ Kivi Rb¨ mš‘ó _vK‡e Ges kvdvAv‡Zi gva¨‡g Rvnvbœvg †_‡K gyw³ cv‡e|Ó

wØZxq Reve: æáÇ íÔÝÚæä ÇáÇ áãä ÇÑÊÕی GB AvqvZ cÖm‡½ GK cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e Bgvg †iRv e‡jb, æáÇ íÔÝÚæä ÇáÇ áãä ÇÑÊÕی Çááå Ïíäå kvdvAvZ KvixMY †m me e¨w³‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb Avj­vn Zvjv hv‡`i `xb I ag© m¤ú‡K© mš‘ó _vK‡eb|[13] 

       AZGe, dv‡mK I ¸bvnMvi e¨w³i `xb I ag© hw` †Lv`v m¤§Z _v‡K Z‡e Zv‡`i‡K kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e|

       kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i wek¦vm nj †Kvb e¨w³ †QvU eo hZ ¸bvnB K‡i _vKzK hw` Avj­vn Zvi a‡g©i Dci mš‘ó _v‡K Zvn‡j ‡m kvdvAvZ cv‡e|[14]

 

       3| ÝãÇ ÊäÝÚåã ÔÝÇÚÉ ÇáÔÇÝÚíä   

D‡j­wLZ AvqvZ m¤ú‡K© †gvZvwRjv m¤cÖ`vq e‡j _v‡Kb, æáæ ÇËÑÊ ÇáÔÝÇÚÉ Ýí ÇÓÞÇØ ÇáÚÞÇÈ á˜ÇäÊ ÇáÔÝÇÚÉ ÞÏ ÊäÝÚåã æ ÐᘠÖÏø ÇáÂíÉ hw` kvdvAv‡Zi d‡j AvRve †_‡K D×vi cvIqv hvq Ges Zviv Gi gva¨‡g DcK…Z nq Zvn‡j Zv D³ Avqv‡Zi cwicwš’|

       Reve:      dLi“Ïxb ivhx G hyw³i †gvKv‡ejvq e‡jb, Þæáå ÊÚÇáی Ýí ÕÝÉ ÇáßÝøÇÑ æ ÇíÉ ÊÏáø Úáی æÞæÚ ÇáÔÝÇÚÉ áÇä ÇáÔÝÇÚÉ ÇÖÇÝÊåÇ Çáì ÌãÚ Çì ÔÇÝÚíä æ ÎØÇÈå Çáی ÇáÎÕã Çä íßæä ÍÇá ÇáãÓáã ÈÎáÇÝå‘ ÈäÇÁ Úáی ãÓÃáå Ïáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ  [15]

       e¨vL¨v: Zvi g‡Z G AvqvZwU kvdvAv‡Zi wei“‡× bq eis Zv kvdvAv‡Zi c‡¶iB GKwU `wjj ¯^iƒc| KviY Kv‡di gykwiKiv kvdvAvZ †_‡K †Kvb myweav †fvM Ki‡ebv Avi Gi KviY nj Zv‡`i Kzdix KvR mg~n| bZzev D³ Avqv‡Zi gva¨‡g kvdvAvZ cÖgvwYZ nq KviY D³ Avqv‡Z kvdvAvZ kãwU kvwdwqY Gi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Q Aviex fvlvg‡Z Zv kvdvAv‡Zi cÖgvY enb K‡i| KviY hy³ kãwU eûePb Avi Avj­vni m‡¤^vai nj Kv‡di‡`i cÖwZ wKš‘ gymjgvbiv Kv‡di bq| AZGe kvdvAvZ gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ hyw³hy³fv‡e cÖgvwYZ nq|

 

       4| æó Åöäøó ÇáúÝõÌøóÇÑó áóÝöì ÌóÍöíãò

íóÕáóæúäåóÇ íóæúãó ÇáÏøöíäö

æó ãóÇ åõãú ÚóäåóÇ ÈöÛóÇÆÈöííäó

wbðq cvcvPvixiv _vK‡e †`vh‡Li Av¸‡b| Zviv wePvi w`e‡m Z_vq cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| Zviv †mLvb †_‡K c„_K n‡ebv|[16]

       ‡gvZvwRjv m¤cÖ`vq wek¦vm K‡i _v‡K, D³ AvqvZ Øviv eySv hvq †h, cvcvPvixiv †`vR‡L Abš—Kvj a‡i _vK‡e I †mLvb ‡_‡K †Kvb w`b †ei n‡Z cvi‡ebv| AZGe ¸bvnMviv hw` Rvnvbœv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i _v‡K Zvn‡j Avi †ei nIqvi Dcvq _vK‡ebv| AZGe G Ae¯’vq kvdvAv‡Zi Kvi‡Y Kweiv ¸bvn mg~n ¶gv n‡Z cv‡ibv|

       Avgv‡`i g‡Z Zv‡`i G avibvi KviY nj †h Zviv Kweiv ¸bvnKvix e¨w³‡`i Kv‡di g‡b K‡i _v‡K hw`I Zviv Avj­vn I ivm~‡ji cÖwZ Cgvb G‡b‡Q|

       Igi Avey bv‡mi G e¨vcv‡i e‡jb, †gvZvwRjv m¤cÖ`vq wek¦vm K‡ib †h, hviv Kweiv ¸bvn K‡i Zviv bex ivm~j‡`i cÖwZ Cgvb Avb‡jI Kv‡di e‡j ch©ewmZ n‡e  wKš‘ Avgv‡`i g‡Z (Av°j I †KviAvb nv`x‡mi hyw³ †gvZv‡eK) †Kvb e¨w³ hw` Avj­vn I Zvi ivm~j‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i †bq wKš‘ ¸bvn K‡i _v‡K Zvn‡j †m Kv‡di bq|[17] Ges wPi w`‡bi Rb¨ Rvnvbœv‡g _vK‡ebv |

 


 

eyw×e„w³K `wjj

       hw` †Kvb gymjgvb AwaK cwigvY fvj KvR K‡i _v‡K Ges mviv Rxe‡b wKQz cwigvY cvc K‡i; †m Ae¯’vq hw` Zv‡K wPiw`b †`vh‡Li Av¸‡b R¡j‡Z nq| Zvn‡j Zvi cÖwZ AwePvi Kiv n‡e| Avi Avj­vn Zvjv K‡iv cÖwZB AwePvi K‡ib bv, AZGe kvdvAv‡Zi Kvi‡Y †m e¨w³ †`vh‡Li Av¸b †_‡K ¶gv †c‡q †e‡nk‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

 

‡KviAvb nv`x‡mi hyw³

K- †KviAv‡bi AvqvZ:

       kvdvAvZ m¤úwK©Z cÖPzi AvqvZ Av‡Q Z‡e kZ© nj kvdvAvZ cÖv_©x Kv‡di A_ev gykwiK bq|

       D`vniY¯^iƒc:

Åöäøó Çááøóåó áÇ íóÛúÝöÑõ Ãóä íõÔÑóß Èöåö æó íóÛúÝöÑõ ãóÇ Ïõæäó Ðóáöß áöãóä íóÔÇÁõ

       ‡h e¨w³ wkiK K‡i Avj­vn Zvjv Zvi ¸bvn LvZv mg~n ¶gv K‡ib bv wKš‘ wkiK e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †h †Kvb ¸bvn hv‡K B”Qv ¶gv K‡ib|[18]

†gvZvwRjv‡`i hyw³hy³ AvqvZ QvovI Ggb wKQy AvqvZ Av‡Q †h¸‡jv Øviv †gvZvwRjv‡`i hyw³ LÊb K‡i kvdvAvZ †K cÖgvY Kiv hvq| KviY D³ AvqvZ mg~‡n Avj­vn ZvÕqvjv ¸bvn LvZv gvd Kivi Iqv`v w`‡q‡Qb| Avj­vgv wnwj­ G cÖm‡½ AmsL¨ hyw³ †ck K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb, †h e¨w³ Cgvb G‡b‡Q I mr KvR K‡i‡Q me©`vB mIqve cvIqvi Dc‡hvMx| Avj­vn ZvÕjvI G cÖm‡½ e‡jb,

Ýóãóä íóÚúãóáú ãöËúÞóÇáó ÐóÑøóÉò ÎóíúÑÇð íóÑóåõ

       ‡h e¨w³ we›`y cwigvY mr KvR K‡i‡Q Zvi cÖwZ`vbI †mw`b †`L‡Z cv‡e|[19] Avi Cgvb nj m‡ev©”P fvj KvR Ges Cgv‡bi d‡j wPiKvjB mIqv‡ei AwaKvix nq| hw` e‡j _vwK †h Cgvb`vi e¨w³i Rb¨ cvcK‡g©i AvRve mr Kv‡Ri cÖwZ`v‡b AMÖvwaKvi cÖvc¨ Z‡e Zv hyw³hy³ bq| Avi G e¨vcv‡i Av‡jgMY GRgv‡Z GKgZ n‡q‡Qb|[20]

 

L- nv`xm:

       gvmyg e¨w³ e‡M©i KvQ †_‡K AmsL¨ nv`xm Av‡Q †h¸‡jv †_‡K eySv hvq †h, kvdvAv‡Zi Dwmjvq ¸bvnMvi‡`i ¸bvn ¶gv Kiv n‡e| D`vniY¯^iƒc ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi G nv`xmwU; ÔÝÇÚÊí áÇÕÍÇÈ ÇáßÈÇÆÑ

       Avgvi kvdvAvZ Kvixiv ¸bvnKvix‡`i Rb¨| AZGe eyw× e„wËK I †KviAvb nv`x‡mi hyw³ Øviv gyZvwRjv‡`i AvcwË LwÊZ n‡q‡Q Ges Giƒc ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, hw` †Kn †Kvb ¸bvn Kivi ci ZIev bv K‡iB g„Zz¨ eiY K‡i Zvn‡jI †m kvdvAv‡Zi Kvi‡Y gyw³ †c‡Z cv‡i Ges wPiw`b Zv‡K Rvnvbœv‡g _vK‡Z n‡e bv|

 

djvdj:

       Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ nq †h, wkqv I mybœx me Av‡jgivB wek¦vm K‡ib †h, kwiq‡Zi wfwˇZB kvdvAvZ KvixMY ¶gvi Dchy³ cvcx e¨w³‡`i Rb¨ mycvwik K‡i Zv‡`i‡K †`vh‡Li Av¸b †_‡K gyw³ w`‡eb|

 

PZz_© Aa¨vq

 

KLb I †Kv_vq kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e?

 

‡m mgq I ¯’vb nj †KqvgZ I Rvnvbœvg

 AvqvZ

 nv`xm

eviRv‡L I `ywbqv‡ZI kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e|

 djvdj

 

KLb I †Kv_vq kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e?

 

       kvdvAv‡Zi ¯’vb I mgq wb‡q h‡_ó weZ©K i‡q‡Q| Z‡e mwe©Kfv‡e Zv 2 fv‡M wef³|

1| kvdvAv‡Zi mgq nj †KqvgZ Ges ¯’vb Rvnvbœvg

`wjj I hyw³

K- †KviAv‡bi AvqvZ mg~n

1| æó áóÓæúÝ íõÚúØöíß ÑóÈøõß ÝóÊÑúÖì 

‡n ivm~j AwZwkNÖB Avcbvi ciIqvi‡`Mvi Avcbv‡K GZ †ewk `vb Ki‡eb hv‡Z Avcwb mš‘ó n‡q hv‡e|[21]

Avi `vbKivi †mB mgq nj †KqvgZ|

2| ÚóÓì Ãóä íóÈúÚóËóß ÑóÈøõß ãóÞóÇãÇð ãÍúãõæÏÇð

AwZ kxNÖB Av‡Q Avcbvi ciIqvi †`Mvi Avcbv‡K gvKv‡g gvngy‡` AwawóZ Ki‡eb|[22] gvKv‡g gvngy‡`i †iIqvqvZ †_‡K eySv hvq †m mgq nj  †KqvgZ|[23]

 

3| ÝóãóÇ áóäóÇ ãöä ÔÇÝöÚöíäó

 

4|  ÝóãóÇ ÊäÝÚåã ÔÝÇÚÉÇáÔÇÝöÚöíä Dc‡iv³ AvqvZ `ywU‡Z kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zv Rvnvbœvg evmx‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ ejv n‡q‡Q|[24] Avi G †_‡K eySv hvq †h, kvdvAvZ KvixMY ¸bvnMvi‡`i †`vR‡Li Av¸b †_‡K D×vi Ki‡eb Aciw`‡K Kv‡di gykwiKiv †mLv‡bB Ae¯’vb Ki‡e| Zv‡`i Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡Yi kvdvAvZ _vK‡e bv|

L- nv`x‡mi hyw³

       kvdvAvZ m¤úwK©Z nv`xm mg~n †_‡K eySv hvq †h, kvdvAv‡Zi mgq nj †KqvgZ Ges ¯’vb Rvnvbœvg|

1| Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) e‡jb,

       Avj­vni Kmg, Avwg †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ fq cvBbv wKš‘ ïaygvÎ Ke‡ii eviRv‡Li mgq‡K| (KviY †mLv‡b Avgiv kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cviebv|) AZtci hLb Avgv‡`i †m mgq Avm‡e (†KqvgZ I Zvi cieZx© mgq) hLb Avgv‡`i‡K kvdvAvZ Kivi †ZŠwdK †`qv n‡e Ges †mw`b Avgiv †Zv †Zvgv‡`i‡K kvdvAvZ Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó I Dchy³|

       ‡Kqvg‡Zi Av‡M kvdvAvZ Kivi welq‡K GB nv`xm LÊb K‡i|

2| mnxn nv`x‡m Igi Be‡b Bqvwh` e‡jb: Avwg Avev Avew`j­vn (Bgvg Rvdi mvw`K (Avt) †K wR‡Ám K‡i ejjvg; Avwg Avcbvi Rb¨ DrmMx©Z AZ¨waK ¸bvn K‡i †d‡jwQ! Bgvg e‡jb,

       ‡Zvgiv mevB (Bgvb`vi ¸bvnKvixMY) †mw`b (†Kqvg‡Zi w`b) bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg   I Zvi DËiv waKvix‡`i kvdvAv‡Zi gva¨‡g †e‡nk‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| wKš‘ g„Zz¨i ci Ke‡i †Zvgv‡`i Dci (eviRv‡Li) Avhv‡ei Rb¨ Avwg wPwš—Z (KviY ZLb †Kvb  kvdvAvZ _vK‡ebv)|

       Igi Be‡b BqvwR` cÖkœ Ki‡jb, eviRvL Kx? Bgvg ej‡jb: g„Zz¨i ci †_‡K †KqvgZ ch©š— Ke‡ii Rxe‡bi mgq‡K eviRvL ejv nq|[25]

       Av‡jgMY g‡b K‡ib, GB nv`xm ØvivI cÖgvwYZ nq †h, eviRv‡Li Rxeb g„Zz¨i ci †_‡K ïi“ nq| D`vniY¯^i“c Avj­vgv Zvev ZvevC e‡jb,

       Ò‡Kqvg‡Zi w`b Ggb wKQz ¯’v‡b †jvKRb GKwÎZ n‡e †hLv‡b kvdvAv‡Zi gva¨‡g Rvnvbœv‡g cÖ‡ekKvix e¨w³‡`i cÖwZ‡iva K‡i †e‡nk‡Z cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv n‡e A_ev wKQz wKQz e¨w³ hviv Rvnvbœv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i _vK‡e Zv‡`i‡K †mLvb †_‡K D×vi Kiv n‡e|Ó[26] 

2| wØZxq gZ: kvdvAv‡Zi mgq I ¯’vb (AvwfavwbK A‡_©) eviRvL Ges `ywbqvqI N‡U _vK‡e|

wKQz wKQz Av‡jgMY wek¦vm K‡ib †h, `ywbqv Ges eviRv‡LI kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e| Zviv wKQz wKQz †iIqvqvZ †K Zv‡`i g‡Zi c‡¶ hyw³ †ck K‡i‡Qb|

1| ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Avwgi“j gywgwbb Avjx (Avt) †K e‡jb,

ÒI‡n Avjx †Zvgvi eÜzMY g„Zz¨i mgq †Zvgv‡K †`L‡Z cv‡e, Zzwg Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZKvix, myLei `vZv I Zv‡`i †Pv‡Li gwb wn‡m‡e _vK‡e|Ó[27]

       Reve: D³ nv`x‡m e¨eüZ kã ÔÝíÚÇó kvdvAv‡Zi AvwfavwbK A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|

       2| Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) e‡jb,

       ÒhLb ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Kb¨v †ivKvBqv B‡š—Kvj Ki‡jv ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Zvi Ke‡ii cv‡k G‡jb,[28] `yB nvZ AvKv‡ki w`‡K Zzj‡jb, Zvi `y'†PvL w`‡q AkÖ“ So‡ZwQj| mvnvexMY wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, I‡n ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Avgiv †`Ljvg Avcwb `ynvZ AvKv‡ki w`‡K D‡Ëvjb Ki‡jb Ges `y‡PvL w`‡q AkÖ“ So‡ZwQj!? ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg ej‡jb, n¨uv, Avwg Avj­vni Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Kijvg hv‡Z Zvi Dci Ke‡ii Pvc‡K iwnZ K‡ib|Ó

       GB nv`xm †_‡K eySv hvq ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Ke‡ii AvRve †_‡K gyw³i Rb¨ (†ivKvBqvi Rb¨) †`vqv Ki‡jb Ges GB †`vqv wVK †mB kvdvAvZ KiviB kvwgj|

       Reve: D‡iv³ nv`xm mg~n Ges Abyiƒc nv`xm mg~n ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j eySv hvq †h, ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg I cweÎ BgvgMY wKQz wKQz e¨w³‡`i Rb¨ †`vqv K‡i‡Qb hv‡Z Zv‡`i g„Zz¨i Kó Kgv‡bv nq| Ke‡ii AvRve n«vm Kiv nq| hw`I G welq¸‡jvI GK ai‡bi mycvwik Z_vwc Zv kvdvAv‡Zi cvwifvwlK A‡_© e¨eüZ nqwb| GB KvR Aviex cwifvlvq ZvQvi‡ivdZ I ûKzgvZ hv Avj­vni Aby‡gv`bµ‡g Zvi ˆbKU¨ cÖvß e¨w³‡`i Rb¨ `vb Kiv nq|

              djvdj: Avgv‡`i g‡Z kvdvAvZ ïaygvÎ †Kqvg‡Zi w`b I ¸bvn gv‡di Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z| Z‡e Avj­vni ‰bKU¨ cÖvß e¨w³ eM© wKQz †jv‡Ki Afve c~i‡bi Rb¨, Zv‡`i wec` Avc` †_‡K D×v‡ii Rb¨, Zv‡`i DbœwZi Rb¨, †`vqv Kivi ¶gZv Avj­vniB GK cÖKvi K…cv hv ZvQvi †ivdZ I ûKzgvÎ Gi gva¨‡g AwR©Z nq Ges Zv Avj­vniB Aby‡gv`‡b msNwUZ nq| G¸‡jv GK ai‡bi mvnvh¨ bv kvdvAvZ| Avi ZvB Ggb ai‡bi mvnvh¨ eviRv‡LI n‡Z cv‡i|

 

 

            cÂg Aa¨vq

 

kvdvAvZ Kvix‡`i kZ©mg~n

bexMY we‡kl K‡i ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg kvdvAvZKvix

Bgvg‡`i kvdvAvZ

‡d‡ikZv‡`i kvdvAvZ

‡KviAv‡bi kvdvAvZ

djvdj

 

kvdvAvZ Kvix‡`i kZ©mg~n

 

       ‡KviAv‡bi AvqvZ I nv`x‡mi eY©bv †_‡K eySv hvq †h, hviv kvdvAvZ Kivi AwaKvix n‡e Zv‡`i wKQz kZ© I ˆewkó¨ _vK‡Z n‡e| Avi ZvB hLb †m e¨w³ kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z PvB‡e Avj­vni Aby‡gv`b I mš‘wói cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q Ges Avj­vni mš‘wó I Aby‡gv`b ZLbB cvIqv hv‡e hLb cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© mg~n c~iY n‡e| D³ kZ© mg~n wb‡gœ ewY©Z n‡jv:

 

1| kvdvAvZKvix‡K Avj­vni KvQ †_‡K Aby‡gv`b wb‡Z n‡e| ‡KviAv‡bi AvqvZ G welq‡K ¯^v¶ †`q|

 ãóÇ ãöä ÔÝöíÚò ÅöáÇ ãöä ÈóÚúÏö ÅöÐúäöåö 

‡Kvb kvdvAvZKvix †bB hw`bv Avj­vni c¶¨ †_‡K Aby‡gv`b bv _v‡K|[29]

ãóä ÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöì íóÔÝóÚõ ÚöäÏóåõ ÅöáÇ ÈöÅöÐúäöåö  Ggb †K Av‡Q, Zuvi wbKU kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e Zuvi AbygwZ Qvov? [30]

       ‡h‡nZz Dc‡iv³ `yÕ Avqv‡Z †b‡MwUf ev‡K¨i c‡i G‡m‡Q AZGe Zv wbðqZv I ¸i“Z¡ enb K‡i| A_©vr Avj­vni AbygwZ e¨ZxZ kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡ebv (hZ¶Y bv Avj­vn kvdvAvZ Kvix‡K AbygwZ bv †`b)

 

        2| kvdvAvZKvix m‡Z¨i mv¶x n‡e| A_©vr Avj­vni GKZ¡ev` I Zuvi ¸Y ˆewk‡ó¨i ¯^xKv‡ivw³ cÖ`vb Ki‡e Ges Zvui cÖwZ wek¦vm _vK‡Z n‡e| GB k‡Z©i c‡¶I †KviAv‡bi AvqvZ i‡q‡Q|

                        æó áÇ íóãúáöß ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÏúÚõæäó ãöä Ïõæäöåö ÇáÔÝóÇÚóÉó ÅöáÇ ãóä ÔåöÏó ÈöÇáúÍóÞøþö æó åõãú íóÚúáóãõæäó

hviv Avj­vn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ KviI  Dcvmbv K‡i Zviv kvdvAvZ Kivi AwaKvix n‡e bv, wKš‘ hviv Avj­vni GKZ¡ev`‡K †R‡b ey‡S mv¶x †_‡K (¯^xKv‡ivw³ cÖ`vb Ki‡e)|[31]

 

        3| Avj­vn Zvjv kvdvAvZ Kvixi K_v I gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ mš‘ó _vK‡Z n‡e|

íóæúãóÆÐò áÇ ÊóäÝóÚõ ÇáÔÝóÇÚóÉõ ÅöáÇ ãóäú ÃóÐöäó áóåõ ÇáÑøóÍúãÇóäõ æó ÑóÖìó áóåõ ÞóæúáÇð

‡mw`b (†Kqvg‡Zi w`b) KviI kvdvAvZB g½jRbK n‡ebv hw`bv Avj­vn Zvjv Zvi cÖwZ mš‘ó _v‡K I Zvi K_v‡K cQ›` K‡i|[32]

    Avj­vgv ZvevZvevC (in) G cÖm‡½ e‡jb: ÒAvj­vni mš‘wó _vK‡Z n‡eÓ G K_vi A_© nj †m e¨w³ (Zvi K_v I Kv‡R) Avj­vni we‡ivwaZv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| hw` †m e¨w³ fyj åvwš— K‡i _v‡K hvi d‡j Avj­vn Zvjv Zvi Dci Amš‘ó nb Zvn‡j †m e¨w³ kvdvAv‡Zi gh©v`v cv‡ebv Z‡e Avj­vn Zvjv hw` Zvi fyj åvwš— ¶gv K‡i w`‡q Zv‡K Zvi wek¦v‡m c~Z cweÎ K‡i Ges `ywbqvi AcweÎZv, wkiK I Rv‡nwjqvZ †_‡K D×vi K‡i Zvn‡jB m¤¢e|[33]

 

4| kvdvAvZKvixMY GKZ¡ev`x n‡Z n‡e|

áÇ íóãúáößõæäó ÇáÔÝÇóÚóÉó ÅöáÇ ãóäö ÇÊÎóÐó ÚöäÏó ÇáÑøóÍúãóÇäö ÚóåúÏÇð

‡mw`b Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ †bB †h hviv kvdvAv‡Zi gvwjK n‡e Z‡e hviv †g‡nievb Avj­vni mv‡_ cÖwZÁve× (cwic~Y© GKZ¡ev`x) n‡e Zviv e¨ZxZ|[34]

       djvdj: †KviAv‡bi AvqvZ I nv`xm mg~n ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi ci GB we×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡Z cvwi †h, kvdvAv‡Zi ¶gZv GKgvÎ Avj­vniB nv‡Z Ges ZviB AbygwZ µ‡g wKQz wKQz e¨w³ kZ© mv‡c‡¶ kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|            

       wbgœwjwLZ e¨w³eM© Dc‡iv‡j­wLZ ˆewk‡ó¨i AwaKvix|

 

 

kvdvAv‡Zi AwaKvix e¨w³eM©

1| bex ivm~jMY:

       bex ivm~jMY we‡kl K‡i nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg whwb kvdvAv‡Zi m‡eŸv©P Avm‡b ÒgvKv‡g gvngy`Ó AwawóZ, †Kqvg‡Zi w`b ¸bvnMvi‡`i‡K kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb| G m¤ú‡K© †ek wKQz nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|

       ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡j‡Qb, wZb cÖKv‡ii †jvKRb kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb hv‡`i kvdvAvZ Keyj Kiv n‡e bex ivm~jMY, AZtci Av‡jgMY, AZtci knx`MY|[35]

       ‡gvdv‡mie„›` cweÎ †KviAv‡bi wbgœwjwLZ Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb,

æó ÞóÇáõæÇ ÇÊÎóÐó ÇáÑøóÍúãÇäõ æóáóÏÇð  ÓÈúÍóäóåõ  Èóáú ÚöÈóÇÏñ ãøõßúÑóãõæäó

Zviv ejj, `qvgq Avj­vn mš—vb MÖnb K‡i‡Qb Zvui Rb¨ KL‡bvB Bnv MÖnb‡hvM¨ bq eis Zviv †Zv Zvui m¤§vwbZ ev›`v|[36]

       GBK fv‡e nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg I GKRb kvdvAvZKvix|

       wewfbœ cÖKvi nv`xm Ges †iIqvqv‡Z †gvZvIqv‡Zi ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jv †_‡K cÖgvwYZ nq †h, bexMY we‡klK‡i nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg kvdvAvZ Kvix‡`i g‡a¨ Mb¨| myqywZ Zvi wbR¯^ MÖš’ ÒAv``yii“j gvbmyiÓ[37] G I mvB‡q¨` evnivbx Zvi ÒZvdmxi Avj †evinvbÓ[38] G h‡_ó nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| hv †_‡K eySv hvq nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi †mB ÒgvKv‡g gvngy`Ó wVK †mB gvKv‡g kvdvAvZ e‡j cwiMwYZ, ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg †Kqvg‡Zi w`b kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb Ges Ggb †Kvb gymjgvb †bB hviv ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi kvdvAv‡Zi welqwU‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q| GB mZ¨ welq‡K †Kvb m¤cÖ`vqB A¯^xKvi K‡iwb| AZGe GwelqwU‡K GRgvi Aš—f~©³ Kiv hvq| †Kqvg‡Zi w`b m‡eŸ©vP Avm‡b kvdvAvZ Kivi AwaKvi we‡kl K‡i Avgv‡`i †kl bex‡K †`qv n‡e| (G welqwU‡K †KviAv‡bi ¯úó AvqvZ I nv`xm Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h Zv‡K gvKv‡g gvngy` `vb Kiv n‡e|)

ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡j‡Qb, Ò†hw`b †KqvgZ n‡e Avwg †Kvb iKg Me© AnsKvi QvovB mKj bex‡`i Bgvg, Zv‡`i e³v I Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Kvix ne|Ó[39]

       Bgvg Kv‡Rg (Avt) e‡j‡Qb,

       Ò‡Kqvg‡Zi w`b gvbyl‡K 40 eQi GK RvqMvq `uvoKwi‡q ivLv n‡e| m~h© Avw`ó n‡e Zv‡`i Dci DËvc †`qvi Rb¨, gvwU Avw`ó n‡e hv‡Z Zv‡`i Nvg MÖnb bv K‡i| ZLb mevB Av`g (Avt) Gi Kv‡Q Avm‡e kvdvAvZ cvevi Avkvq, wZwb b~n (Avt) †K †`wL‡q w`‡eb| wKš‘ b~n (Avt) ‡`Lv‡eb Beªvwng (Avt) †K, Beªvwng (Avt) gymv (Avt) †K, gymv (Avt) Cmv‡K Ges Cmv (Avt) †`Lv‡eb nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg †K Ges ej‡eb wZwb me©‡kl I me©‡kªô bex Zuvi Kv‡Q hvI| (Cmv (Avt) ZLb mevB‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb K‡i kvdvAvZ Kivi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Ki‡eb|)

       ZLb gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg ej‡eb mevB Avmyb, mevB‡K †e‡nk‡Zi `iRvi Kv‡Q wb‡q hv‡eb wZwb ej‡eb, †e‡nk‡Zi `iRv Ly‡j †djyb| hLb `iRv Ly‡j hv‡e ZLb wZwb †mw`‡K wd‡i †mR`vq c‡o hv‡eb Ges ZZ¶Y ch©š— †mR`vq _vK‡eb hZ¶Y ejv n‡e bv †h, gv_v DVvI I hv B”Qv PvI †`qv n‡e kvdvAvZ Ki Keyj Kiv n‡e| 

       ZLb ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg gv_v DVv‡eb Ges hviv Av¸‡b R¡j‡Z _vK‡e Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb| AZGe †mw`b Zvi †P‡q AwaK m¤§vwbZ †Kvb e¨w³ _vK‡ebv Ges wVK †mB Avqv‡Zi gZB n‡e †h, ((AwZ wkNÖB Avj­vn Zvjv Avcbv‡K gvKv‡g gvngy‡` AwawóZ Ki‡eb|))[40] GUv †mB c` hv nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Rb¨ ‡KviAv‡bi Avqv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q|

       AvBm Be‡b Kv‡kg Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) Gi KvQ †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, ewb nv‡kg es‡ki wKQz msL¨K †jvK nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Kv‡Q G‡m Av‡e`b Ki‡jb †h, Zv‡`i‡K PZy®úqx Rš‘i hvKvZ Av`v‡qi fvi †`qv †nvK| (hv‡Z K‡i Zviv hvKv‡Zi myweav †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i) AZtci ej‡jv, wVK †h cwigvY A_© hvKvZ Av`vq Kvix‡`i †`qv nq Avhv‡`i‡KI ZvB †`qv †nvK| Avgiv Zv‡`i †P‡q AMÖvwaKvix| ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg ej‡jb I‡n Avãyj gyËvwj‡ei mš—vbMY, Avgvi I †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ hvKvZ LvIqv nvivg wKš‘ Avwg Gi wewbg‡q (hvKvZ bv LvIqvi wewbg‡q) †Zvgv‡`i‡K kvdvAv‡Zi Iqv`v w`w”Q| AZtci ej‡jb, Avj­vn Zvjv Avgv‡K kvdvAvZ Kivi Iqv`v w`‡q‡Qb| I‡n Avãyj gyËvwj‡ei mš—vbMY hLb Avwg (†Kqvg‡Zi w`e‡m) `iRvi Kov aie Kx avibv Ki‡e?

       AZtci ej‡jb, †Kqvg‡Zi w`b wR¡b I Bbmvb GK jvB‡b mvwie× n‡e Ges hLb my`xN© A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _vK‡e ZLb kvdvAv‡Zi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡e Ges ej‡Z _vK‡e kvdvAv‡Zi Rb¨ Kvi kiYv cb¨ ne? b~n (Avt) Gi Kv‡Q Avm‡e, b~~n ej‡eb, Avwg Av‡e`b K‡iwQjvg c~ib n‡q‡Q, ej‡e Zvn‡j Kvi Kv‡Q hve? ej‡e, Beªvwng (Avt) Gi Kv‡Q, Beªvwng (Avt) Gi Kv‡Q Avm‡e I kvdvAv‡Zi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡e| wZwb ej‡eb AvwgI Av‡e`b K‡iwQjvg Av‡e`b c~ib n‡q‡Q, ej‡e Zvn‡j Kvi Kv‡Q hve? ej‡eb, nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Kv‡Q hvI| ZLb nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Kv‡Q hv‡e| wZwb Zuvi kvb I mIKZ wb‡q †e‡nk‡Zi w`‡K iIqvbv n‡eb, †e‡nk‡Zi `iRv ch©š— hv‡eb| hLb †e‡nk‡Zi `iRvq †cuŠQ‡eb ZLb `iRvq bK Ki‡eb| 1wU cÖkœ I Dˇii ci `iRv Ly‡j hv‡e Ges Zv‡K m¤¢vmb Rvbv‡e| †e‡nk‡Zi w`‡K `„wó civ gvÎB wZwb †mR`vq c‡o hv‡eb Ges Avj­vni gwngv eY©bv Ki‡Z _vK‡eb| ZLb GKRb †d‡ikZv G‡m ej‡e I‡n ivm~j gv_v DVvb, Ges Avj­vni Kv‡Q hv Pv‡eb ZvB cv‡eb Ges kvdvAvZ K‡ib Keyj n‡e| ZLb ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg gv_v DVv‡eb I †e‡nk‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡eb| AZtci c~bivq †mR`vq c‡o hv‡eb Ges c~‡e©i b¨vq †d‡ikZv G‡m ej‡Z _vK‡e, ZLb wZwb gv_v DVv‡eb Ges hv Pv‡eb ZvB cv‡eb|[41]

       ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb,

       Avwg Av`‡gi eskai mš—vb †Kvb iKg Me© AnsKvi Kwibv| Avwg cÖ_g e¨w³ hv‡K me© cÖ_g f~wg †_‡K (Kei †_‡K) DÌvcb Kiv n‡e Ges Zv‡ZI Me© Kwibv| Avwg cÖ_g kvdvAvZ Kvix Ges hvi kvdvAvZ Keyj Kiv n‡e Ges Zv‡ZI Me© Kwibv|  †Kqvg‡Zi w`b cÖksmvi cZvKv Avgvi nv‡Z _vK‡e Zv‡ZI Me© Kwibv|[42]

DevB` Be‡b hyivivn †_‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) †K cÖkœ K‡ib, gywgb‡`i‡K wK kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e? ej‡jb n¨uv, Avj­vni Kmg| †Kvb GKRb cÖkœ Ki‡jb; Zvn‡j wK gywgb e¨w³ ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi kvdvAv‡Zi Rb¨ wbf©ikxj _vK‡e? Bgvg ej‡jb n¨uv, gywgb‡`iI fyj åvwš— Ges ¸bvn n‡q _v‡K| Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ †bB †Kqvg‡Zi w`b hvi Rb¨ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi kvdvAv‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb ci‡e bv| Ab¨ GKRb cÖkœ Ki‡jb: nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg wK Ggb K_v e‡j‡Qb †h, Avwg Av`‡gi eskai  mš—vb wKš‘ Me© AnsKvi Kwibv? Bgvg ej‡jb: n¨vu, wZwb †e‡nk‡Zi Kov a‡i Zv Ly‡j †dj‡eb, AZtci †mR`vq c‡o hv‡eb, Avj­vn Zvjv ej‡eb gv_v DVvb, Ges kvdvAvZ Ki“b, Avcbvi kvdvAvZ Keyj Kiv n‡e Ges hv wKQz PvB‡eb †`qv n‡e| AZtci wZwb gv_v DVv‡eb wKš‘ c~ibvq †mR`vq c‡o hv‡eb Ges GKB fv‡e gv_v DVv‡eb Ges ZLb kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb, kvdvAvZ Keyj Kiv n‡e Ges Ab¨ hv wKQz PvB‡eb †`qv n‡e|

 

2| gvmyg BgvgMY:

       nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi KvQ †_‡K AmsL¨ nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †h, cweÎ BgvgMY Ges ivm~‡ji mš—vbMY †Kqvg‡Zi w`b kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb| †miƒc K‡qKwU nv`xm bg~bv wn‡m‡e Zz‡j aie| Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) e‡jb: 

       hLb †Kqvg‡Zi w`b Dcw¯’Z n‡e ZLb Avj­vn Zvjv Av`x †_‡K Aš— mKj Rb gvbe‡K GK AÜKvi ¯’v‡b mg‡eZ Ki‡eb| gvby‡liv Avj­vni Kv‡Q KuvbœvKvwU I wejvc Ki‡Z _vK‡e I ej‡Z _vK‡e †n Avgv‡`i ciIqvi †`Mvi! GB AÜKvi †K Avgv‡`i mvg‡b †_‡K mwi‡q bvI| ZLb wKQy wKQz †jvK‡`i mvg‡b Av‡jvi SjK ci‡Z _vK‡e Zv‡`i Av‡jv‡Z †Kqvg‡Zi gvV Av‡jvwKZ n‡e|

       Dcw¯’Z RbZv ej‡Z _vK‡e D³ e¨w³iv Avj­vni †d‡ikZv| Avj­vni c¶ †_‡K †NvwlZ n‡e: Zviv †d‡ikZv bq| wR‡Ám Ki‡e, †Zvgiv Kviv? ej‡eb: Avgiv Avjxi es‡ki nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi mš—vb Ges Avgiv Avjx (Avt) Gi †mB mš—vb e„›` hv‡`i‡K Avj­vn Zvjv †KivgwZ `vb K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv †mB Cgv›`i e¨w³eM© hviv Zv‡`i Cgv‡bi cÖwZ `„p wQj| Avj­vn Zvjv ZLb Zv‡`i‡K ej‡eb, †Zvgv‡`i eÜz‡`i I Abykvix‡`i kvdvAvZ Ki Ges Zv‡`i kvdvAvZ Keyj Kiv n‡e|[43]

       ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb,

ÒAvgvi Avn‡j evBZMY kvdvAvZ Ki‡e I Zv‡`i kvdvAvZ Keyj Kiv n‡e|Ó[44]

       ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb,

ÒkvdvAvZ Kvixiv 5 `‡j wef³ ... bex Ges bexi Avn‡j evBZMY kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb|Ó[45]

       ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb,

Ò‡Kqvg‡Zi w`b Avwg kvdvAvZ Kie, Zv Keyj Kiv n‡e Avjx kvdvAvZ Ki‡e Zvi kvdvAvZI Keyj Kiv n‡e Ges Avgvi Avn‡j evBZ kvdvAvZ Ki‡e ZvI Keyj Kiv n‡e|Ó[46]

       Bgvg Avjx (Avt) e‡jb, ÒAvgiv kvdvAvZ Kie Ges Avgv‡`i eÜzivI kvdvAvZ Ki‡e|Ó[47]

       Bgvg ev‡Ki (Avt) Avj­vvni evbx ÊÑی ˜áø ÇãøÉ ÌÇËíÉ ...  cÖm‡½ e‡jb,

Ò bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg I Avjx (Avt) mKj mgåvš— ‡jvKRb‡`i gv‡S D”P Avm‡b AwawóZ n‡eb AZtci bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb Ges ej‡eb, I‡n Avjx kvdvAvZ Ki|Ó[48]

 

3| nhiZ dv‡Zgv hvniv (Avt)

              nhiZ dv‡Zgv hvnivi kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K©I h‡_ó nv`xm ewY©Z Av‡Q Zvi K‡qKwU bg~bv GLv‡b †ck Kie|

 Bgvg ev‡Ki (Avt) e‡jb:

       Avgvi wcZv Avgv‡`i c~e© cyi“l nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg KvQ †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h, †Kqvg‡Zi w`b dv‡Zgv hvniv (Avt) †e‡nk‡Zi `iRvq G‡m A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _vK‡eb| Avj­vn Zvjv ej‡eb, †n Avgvi nvwe‡ei Kb¨v Kx Kvi‡Y A‡c¶v Ki‡Qb? Avwg PvB Zzwg †e‡nk‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki|

       dv‡Zgv (Avt) ej‡eb, †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK, Avgvi B”Qv wQj Ggb w`‡b Avgvi c` gh©v`v ¯úó †nvK| Avj­vn ej‡eb, I‡n nvwe‡ei Kb¨v wd‡i hvI! hv‡`i Aš—i †Zvgvi cÖwZ A_ev †Zvgvi †h †Kvb mš—v‡bi cÖwZ fvjevmv †cvlY Ki‡Zv Zv‡`i nvZ a‡i †e‡nk‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki|

       Bgvg ev‡Ki (Avt) e‡jb, I‡n Rv‡ei! Avj­vni Kmg, dv‡Zgv (Avt) †mw`b Avgv‡`i cÖwZ fvjevmv  †cvlbKvix e¨w³ I gymjgvb‡`i Avjv`v Ki‡eb| wVK †hfv‡e gv cvwL Lvivc kl¨ Kbv †_‡K fvj kl¨ KYv Avjv`v K‡i|[49]

       gynv¤§` Be‡b gymwjg e‡jb: Bgvg ev‡Ki (Avt) Gi KvQ †_‡K ï‡bwQ †h wZwb e‡j‡Qb:

       dv‡Zgv (Avt) †e‡nk‡Zi `iRvq A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _vK‡eb| †Kqvg‡Zi w`b mKj gvby‡liB `yB †Pv‡Li ga¨Lv‡b (Kcv‡j) †jLv _vK‡e gywgb A_ev Kv‡di| (Avn‡j evB‡Zi cÖwZ) Av‡kK e¨w³MY hv‡`i cv‡ci cwigvY †ewk Zv‡`i Avw`ó n‡e †`vR‡L hvIqvi Rb¨| ZLb dv‡Zgv (Avt) (‡`L‡Z cv‡eb †h Zv‡`i Kcv‡j †miƒc †jLv Av‡Q Ges Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Ab¨wKQz †jLv Av‡Q) c‡o †`L‡eb †h Zv‡`i Kcv‡j †jLv Av‡Q Ò‡gv‡neŸÓ (A_©vr Zviv gywgb Ges Avn‡j evB‡Zi †cÖwgK wKš‘ Zv‡`i ¸bv‡ni cwigvY AwaK)| AZtci ej‡eb I‡n gvey`, Avgvi bvg w`‡q‡Qv dv‡Zgv Ges Avgvi Dwmjvq Avgvi ïfvKvsLx‡`i I eskai‡`i †`vR‡Li Av¸b †_‡K gyw³ †`qvi Iqv`v w`‡q‡Qv, Avwg Rvwb †Zvgvi Iqv`v mZ¨ (f½ nq bv)| Avj­vn Zvjv ej‡eb I‡n dv‡Zgv wVK e‡j‡Qv, Avwg Iqv`v w`‡qwQ Ges Avgvi Iqv`v f½ n‡ebv wKš‘ Avwg Av‡`k w`‡qwQ GB mKj †jvK †`vR‡L hv‡e Ges hLb Zzwg Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki‡e ZLb Avwg †Zvgvi kvdvAvZ Keyj Kie, †Zvgvi kvdvAv‡Zi Kvi‡Y Zviv †`vR‡Li Av¸b †_‡K gyw³ †c‡q †e‡nk‡Z hv‡e| ZLb †Zvgvi gh©v`v mKj bex ivm~j I Awj AvDwjqv‡`i Kv‡Q      ¯úófv‡e cÖgvwYZ n‡e| AZGe Zuvi †Pv‡L hviv gywgb Zv‡`i nvZ a‡i †e‡nk‡Z cÖ‡ek Kiv‡eb|[50]

       ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb,

       ‡h gwnjv cvuP Iqv³ bvgvR co‡e, igRvb gv‡mi †ivRv ivL‡e, cweÎ Kvev N‡ii nR¡ (diR n‡j) cvjb Ki‡e, hvKvZ w`‡e| Zuvi ¯^vgxi Av`k cvjb Ki‡e Ges Avgvi ci Avjx (Avt) †K Bgvg wn‡m‡e †g‡b †b‡e I Zvi eÜz n‡e| †m Avgvi Kb¨v dv‡Zgv (Avt) Gi kvdvAv‡Zi gva¨‡g †e‡nk‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e|[51]

 

4| †d‡ikZv‡`i kvdvAvZ

       ‡KviAvb nv`x‡mi Av‡jvPbv †_‡K eySv hvq †h, kvdvAvZ Kivi AwaKvi bex ivm~j ev we‡kl wKQz †jvK‡`i Rb¨ wbw`©ó MwÊi g‡a¨ mxwgZ bq eis gvbyl Qvov Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxI kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e †hgb †d‡ikZviv Zviv GgbB GK `j hviv kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

       ‡d‡ikZv‡`i kvdvAvZ Kivi c‡¶¨ †KviAvb I nv`x‡mi wbgœwjwLZ `wjj mg~n †ck Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

 

K- †KviAv‡bi `ywó‡Z †d‡ikZv‡`i kvdvAvZ

        æó ÇáúãóáóÇÆßóÉõ íõÓÈøöÍõæäó ÈÍóãúÏö ÑóÈåöãú æó íóÓÊóÛúÝöÑõæäó áöãóä Ýì ÇáÃóÑúÖöþ

†d‡ikZviv Avj­vni cÖksmv KxZ©b K‡i Ges wek¦evmx‡`i Rb¨ ¶gv cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z _v‡K|[52]      

æó ßã ãøöä ãøóáóßò Ýì ÇáÓãÇóæÇÊö áÇ ÊõÛúäì ÔÝóÇÚóÊåõãú ÔíúÆÇð ÅöáÇ ãöä ÈóÚúÏö Ãóä íóÃúÐóäó Çááøóåõ áöãóä íóÔÇÁõ æó íóÑúÖì

       AvKv‡k A‡bK †d‡ikZviv i‡q‡Q hv‡`i †Kvb mycvwik (kvdvAvZ) djcÖmy n‡ebv, hZ¶Y bv Avj­vn hvi Rb¨ B”Qv Ges hv‡K cQ›` K‡ib Zv‡`i Rb¨ AbygwZ w`‡eb|[53]

       ¸i“Z¡c~Y© c‡q›U: cÖ_g AvqvZ †d‡ikZv‡`i kvdvAv‡Zi e¨vcv‡i ¯úó Bw½Z cÖ`vb K‡i wKš‘ wØZxq AvqvZ Zv‡`i kvdvAvZ Keyj nIqvi kZ© Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q Ges †NvlYv K‡i‡Q, ÒZLbB †d‡ikZv‡`i kvdvAvZ Keyj n‡e hLb Zv Avj­vni AbygwZ mv‡c‡¶ n‡e Ges Zvi mv‡_ hv‡`i‡K kvdvAvZ Kivi Rb¨ Avj­vn mš‘ó _vK‡eb|Ó

Gi Av‡MI Avgiv D‡j­L K‡iwQ †h, Aviex mvwn‡Z¨ hw` ÇÓÊËäی ‡b‡MwUf ev‡K¨i c‡i Av‡m Zvn‡j Zv mwVK I mZ¨ e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq ZvB áÇ ÊõÛúäì ÔÝóÚóÊåõãú ÔíúÆÇð my¯úó †b‡MwUf evK¨ wKš‘ Zvi ciB G‡m‡Q ÅöáÇ ãöä ÈóÚúÏö Ãóä íóÃúÐóäó Çááøóåõ áöãóä íóÔÇÁõ æó íóÑúÖì GB evK¨ Øviv c~‡e©v³ †b‡MwUf evK¨‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i mwVK e‡j cÖgvY K‡i †h Avj­vni AbygwZ‡Z Zviv kvdvAvZ Ki‡e|

 

L- nv`x‡mi eY©bv g‡Z †d‡ikZv‡`i kvdvAvZ

       Avj­vni ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡j‡Qb, íÔÝÚ ÇáäÈíøæä æÇáãáÇÆ˜É bexMYI mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg  †d‡ikZviv kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb|[54]

‡d‡ikZvMY, bexMY I knx`‡`i‡K AbygwZ †`qv n‡e kvdvAvZ Kivi Rb¨| ZvivI ZLb kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb Ges Zv‡`i kvdvAvZ Keyj Kiv n‡e Ges hv‡`i Aš—‡i we›`ygvÎ Cgvb _vK‡e Zviv Zv‡`i‡K †`vR‡Li Av¸b †_‡K D×vi Ki‡eb|[55] ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb: Avj­vn Zvjv wePvi dvqmvjv Kivi ci wKQz msL¨K †jvK‡`i‡K †`vR‡Li Av¸b †_‡K Zz‡j Avb‡eb (hv‡`i‡K PvB‡eb)| AZtci †d‡ikZv I bex‡`i‡K ej‡eb Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki, (hviv kvdvAvZ cvIqvi Dc‡hvMx) †m me e¨w³i Kcv‡j GKwU AvjvgZ I wPý _vK‡e (KviY Zviv †mR`v KvixI bvgvwR wQj)| †`vR‡Li Av¸b Zv‡`i Kcvj‡K †cvov‡ebv|

 

5| †KviAv‡bi kvdvAvZ

       ‡KviAvbI kvdvAvZ Ki‡e| G e¨vcv‡i Avn‡j mybœZ I wkqv‡`i ewY©Z nv`x‡m h‡_ó nv`xm D‡j­wLZ Av‡Q| Z‡e †KviAv‡bi kvdvAvZ Kivi e¨vcv‡i Avgv‡`i D‡Ïk¨ nj †mB mwZ¨Kvi nvwKK‡Z †KviAvb| evwn¨K †KviAv‡bi †jLv I c„ôv bq|

 

nv`x‡mi eY©bvg‡Z †KviAv‡bi kvdvAvZ

       nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb, Ò†Kqvg‡Zi w`b †ivRv I †KviAvb ev›`v‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki‡e| †ivRv ej‡e: †n Avj­vn Avwg w`‡bi †ejv Zvi Rb¨ evav n‡q `uvwo‡q wQjvg Ges Zv‡K LvIqv, cvbnvi I Kvg evmbv †_‡K weiZ †i‡LwQ, Zvi e¨vcv‡i Avgvi kvdvAvZ Keyj Ki“b| †KviAvb ej‡e, Avwg Zv‡K iv‡Zi Nyg †_‡K weiZ †i‡LwQ AZGe Zvi Rb¨ Avgvi kvdvAvZ Keyj Ki“b| AZGe Df‡qi kvdvAvZ Keyj Kiv n‡e|Ó[56]

       nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb, Ò‡KviAvb wk¶v Ki, KviY †m Zvi m½x‡`i‡K †Kqvg‡Zi w`b kvdvAvZ Ki‡e|Ó[57] ‡KviAv‡bi GKwU m~iv‡Z 30 wU AvqvZ i‡q‡Q hviv D³ AvqvZ mg~n †ZjvIqvZ Ki‡e Zv‡`i‡K kvdvAvZ Ki‡e Ges †m m~ivwU nj Avj g~jK|[58]

ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb, ÒkvdvAvZ KvixMY 5 `‡j wef³: †KviAvb, AvcbRb, AvgvbZ, ivm~‡j AvKivg mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg  I Avn‡j evBZ|Ó[59]

       Avjx (Avt) e‡jb, Ò†R‡b bvI †KviAvb kvdvAvZ Ki‡e Ges Zv Keyj Kiv n‡e, †m K_v ej‡e Zvi K_v mZ¨vqb Kiv n‡e| †Kqvg‡Zi w`b †KviAvb hvi hvi Rb¨ kvdvAvZ ZvivB Gi mydj †fvM Ki‡e|[60]

 

6| knx` I Av‡jgM‡bi kvdvAvZ

       ivm~‡j AvKivg mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb, Ò‡Kqvg‡Zi w`b bexMY AZtci Av‡jgMY Ges AZtci knx`MY kvdvAvZ Ki‡e|Ó[61]

       ivm~‡j AvKivg mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb, Òknx`MY Zvi cwiev‡ii †jvKRb †_‡K 70 Rb‡K kvdvAvZ Ki‡e|Ó[62]      

Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) e‡jb, Ò‡hw`b †KqvgZ n‡e ... Av‡jg‡K ejv n‡e, `uvovI Ges hv‡`i‡K fvj K‡i Mo‡Z †c‡iQ Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki|[63]

 

7| cÖwZ‡ewki kvdvAvZ

       Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) e‡jb, ÒcÖwZ‡ewk Zvi cÖwZ‡ewki Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki‡e Z‡e kZ© nj D³ cÖwZ‡ewk Cgvb`vi n‡Z n‡e|Ó[64]

 

8| Avg‡ji kvdvAvZ

       Ab¨ GK cÖKvi kvdvAvZKvix nj wbR¯^ Avgj| cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li K…Z Avgj †Kqvg‡Zi w`b cÖwZg~wZ© avib Ki‡e|

       wbgœwjwLZ Avgj mg~n D`vniY ¯^iƒc †ck Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

       1- ZIev

       Bgvg Avjx (Avt) e‡jb †Kvb, kvdvAvZKvixB ZIevi †P‡q DrK…ó n‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó[65]

2- AvgvbZ`vix

       nhiZ ivm~‡j AvKivg mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb: kvdvAvZ KvixMY cvuP ai‡bi AvgvbZ`vix[66]

3 I 4- †ivRv I ‡KviAvb

ivm~‡j AvKivg mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb:

       ‡Kqvg‡Zi w`b †ivRv I †KviAvb (Zv‡`i Avgj KvixMY‡K) kvdvAvZ Ki‡e| †ivRv ej‡e, †n Avj­vn †m Avgvi Kvi‡Y LvIqv I Kvg evmbv †_‡K weiZ i‡q‡Q AZGe Avgv‡K Zvi Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Kivi AbygwZ `vI|[67]

ivm~‡j AvKivg mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb, Ò‡KviAvb wk¶v Ki| †KviAvb †Kqvg‡Zi w`b Zvi m½x‡`i‡K kvdvAvZ Ki‡e|Ó[68]

 

5- bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Dci `i“`

       Bgvg Rqbyj Av‡e`xb (Avt) e‡jb, Ògynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg  I Zvi eskai‡`i Dci `i“` co, hv †Kqvg‡Zi w`b †m KwVb gywme‡Zi mgq Avgv‡`i‡K kvdvAvZ Ki‡e|Ó[69]

we‡kl j¶¨bxq: Avgj I kvdvAvZ

        KvR I cÖ‡Póv Bmjvg a‡g© GK we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ enb K‡i| Avi ZvB Avj­vn Zvjv cweÎ †KviAv‡b e‡jb,

  æó Ãóä áøóíúÓ áöáÇäÓÇäö ÅöáÇ ãóÇ ÓÚóì

 

gvbyl hv wKQz Ki‡e ZviB cÖwZdj †m cv‡e|[70] AZGe gvbyl †Póv K‡i hv AR©b K‡i Zvi †P‡q AwaK wKQz Zvi fv‡M¨ RyU‡ebv|

Ab¨ GK Avqv‡Z wZuwb e‡jb,

Ýóãóä íóÚúãóáú ãöËúÞóÇáó ÐóÑøóÉò ÎóíúÑÇð íóÑóåõ æó ãóä íóÚúãóáú ãöËúÞóÇáó ÐóÑøóÉò ÔÑøðÇ íóÑóåõ

AZGe †h †KD we›`y cwigvY fvj KvR Ki‡e Zvi cyi®‹vi †m cv‡e Ges †h e¨w³ we›`y cwigvY g›` KvR Ki‡e Zvi cÖwZ`vbI †m cv‡e|[71]ßáøõ ÇãúÑöì ÈãóÇ ßóÓÈ Ñóåöíäñ cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ Zvi K…Z K‡g©i Rb¨ `vqx|[72] 

       D‡j­wLZ Avqv‡Z ¯úófv‡e K…Z Avg‡ji Dci ¸i“Z¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q| Av‡iKwU welq hv Rvb‡Z n‡e Zv nj Avgj I kvdvAv‡Zi g‡a¨ †Kvb gZ‡f` †bB| Avi Avg‡ji kvdvAvZ Kivi welqwU D³ Kg© d‡jiB GKwU `„óvš—| KviY kvdvAvZ cvIqvi Rb¨ †Póv I Z`exi _vKv Avek¨K| Ab¨ w`‡K kvdvAvZ cvIqvi Rb¨ Zvi c~e©kZ© mg~n I †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| Avj­vni ˆbKU¨ cÖvß e¨w³‡`i Dwmjv e¨ZxZ kvdvAvZ cvIqv m¤¢e bq Ges Zv‡`i mvwbœa¨ AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j ZvKIqv I ci‡nRMvi n‡Z n‡e| AZGe djvdj `uvovq †h, kvdvAvZ wVK gvby‡li ‡mB Avg‡jiB cÖwZ”Qwe|

 

ló Aa¨vq

 

kvdvAvZ cvIqvi kZ©vejx

1| Bgvb

2| bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg  I Bgvg‡`i `ykgwb †_‡K weiZ _vKv

 

 

 


 

 

kvdvAvZ cvIqvi kZ©vejx

 

a‡g©i Av‡jv‡K kvdvAvZ cÖv_©x‡`i wKQz ˆewkó¨ _vKv Avek¨K hvi d‡j Zv‡`i cÖwZ kvdvAvZ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e| G ch©v‡q Avgiv †m me kZ©vejxi cÖwZ Bkviv Kie|

 

cÖ_gZt kvdvAvZ cÖv_©xMY‡K Bgvb`vi n‡Z n‡e|

       nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb, ÒAvgvi kvdvAvZ †m me e¨w³i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e hviv Zv‡`i g„Zz¨i c~e© ch©š— †Kvb wkiK K‡iwb|Ó[73]

       GB nv`xm †gvZv‡eK gykwiK I Kv‡di‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡ebv| †KviAv‡bi AvqvZI G welq‡K mZ¨vqb K‡i|

Ýì ÌóäøÇóÊò íóÊóÓÇÁóáõæäó Úóäö ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó ãóÇ Óáóßßãú Ýì ÓÞóÑó ÞóÇáõæÇ áóãú äóß ãöäó ÇáúãõÕáøöíäó æó áóãú äóß äõØÚöãõ ÇáúãöÓßöíäó æó ßäøóÇ äÎõæÖ ãóÚó ÇáÎúóÇÆÖöíäó æó ßõäøóÇ äõßóÐøöÈ Èöíóæúãö ÇáÏøöíäö ÍóÊì ÃóÊóÇäþÇ ÇáúíóÞöíäõ ÝóãóÇ ÊóäÝóÚõåõãú ÔÝóÇÚóÉõ ÇáÔÇÝöÚöíäó

†e‡nkZ evmxiv ‡mLvb †_‡K †`vRL evmx‡`i‡K wRÁvmvev` K‡i ej‡e †Zvgv‡`i‡K wK‡m Rvnvbœv‡g wbcwZZ K‡i‡Q? Zviv ej‡e Avgiv bvgvR coZvgbv, Afve MÖ¯’‡K Avnvh© w`Zvgbv, Avgiv åvš— †jvK‡`i mv‡_ mgv‡jvPbv KiZvg| Avgiv †mB w`b‡K (†Kqvg‡Zi w`b‡K) A¯^xKvi KiZvg| Avi G‡nb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Avgv‡`i g„Zz¨ nq| AZGe kvdvAvZ Kvix‡`i kvdvAvZ Zv‡`i Rb¨ †Kvb DcKv‡i Avm‡ebv|[74]

 æó ÌõäõæÏõ ÅöÈúáöíÓ ÃóÌúãóÚõæäó ÞóÇáõæÇ æó åõãú ÝöíåóÇ íÎúÊóÕöãõæäó ÊóÇááøóåö Åöä ßõäøóÇ áóÝöì Öáóáò ãøõÈöíäò ÅöÐú äõÓæøöíßõã ÈöÑóÈ ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíä óæó ãóÇ ÃóÖáøóäóÇ ÅöáÇ ÇáúãõÌúÑöãõæäó ÝóãóÇ áóäóÇ ãöä ÔÇÝöÚöíä óæó áÇ ÕÏöíÞò Íóãöíãò

Bewj‡ki `jf~³ mK‡jB hLb K_v KvUvKvwU Ki‡Z _vK‡e ZLb ej‡e, Avj­vni Kmg Avgiv ¯úó †Mvgivwn‡Z wjß wQjvg, KviY Avgiv †Zvgv‡`i‡K wek¦ cvjbKZv©i mgZzj¨ g‡b KiZvg| Avgv‡`i‡K `„¯‹…ZKvixivB †Mvgivn K‡iwQj, AZGe Avgv‡`i †Kvb kvdvAvZ Kvix †bB Ges †Kvb mü`q eÜzI †bB|[75]

 

wØZxqZt ivm~‡ji Lv›`v‡bi `ykgb wQjbv

       Ab¨ GKwU ˆewkó¨ hv kvdvAvZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb Zv nj kvdvAvZ Kvixiv Zv‡`i Rxe‡b ivm~‡ji Avn‡j evB‡Zi mv‡_ †Kvb iKg `ykgwb K‡iwb| G m¤ú‡K© †ek wKQz nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|

       Giƒc GKwU mnxn nv`xm j¶¨ Ki“b:

gywgbMY Zv‡`i eÜz‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb Z‡e Zviv Avn‡j evB‡Zi `ykgb wQjbv (KviY Avn‡j evB‡Zi `ykgb kvdvAvZ cv‡ebv) Ges hw` Zviv bv‡mex (hviv cweÎ Bgvg‡`i `ykgb) nq Zvn‡j hw` mKj bex ivm~j I †d‡ikZvMYI Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ K‡i ZeyI Keyj n‡ebv|

       Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) e‡jb,

       Òhw` mg¯— †d‡ikZv I Avj­vni †cÖwiZ bex ivm~jMY bv‡mex (hviv cweÎ Bgvg‡`i `ykgb) ‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ K‡i ZeyI Zv Keyj Kiv n‡e bv|[76]

  Z…ZxqZt bexi mš—vb‡`i †Kvb iKg Kó †`qwb|

       ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb,              ÒhLb Avwg †mB gvKv‡g gvngy‡` AwawóZ ne ZLb Avgvi D¤§‡Zi Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Kie Ges Zv Keyj Kiv n‡e| Avj­vni Kmg hviv Avgvi es‡ki †jvKRb‡`i Kó w`‡q‡Q Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Kiebv|Ó[77]

       Avj­vni ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb,

       ÒI‡n wcÖq ûmvBb, AwZkxNÖB †Zvgv‡K Ggb Ae¯’vq †`Le †h †Zvgvi i³ UMewM‡q Mov‡Z _vK‡e, Avgvi Rvwjg D¤§ZMY †Zvgvi wki‡”Q` Ki‡e Zzwg Z…òvZ© _vK‡e wKš‘ †Zvgv‡K Zviv cvwb w`‡ebv| GZ wKQzi c‡iI Zviv Avgvi kvdvAv‡Zi Avkv †cvlb Ki‡e! Avj­vn Zvjv Zv‡`i Kcv‡j Avgvi kvdvAvZ iv‡Lwb|Ó[78]

PZz_©Zt bvgv‡Ri cÖwZ Ae‡njv K‡iwb

Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) g„Zz¨i mgq msw¶ß fv‡e e‡jb, Ò‡h bvgv‡Ri cÖwZ Ae‡njv Ki‡e Zviv Avgv‡`i kvdvAvZ cv‡ebv|Ó[79]

cÂgZt bex ivm~j‡`i kvdvAvZ‡K A¯^xKvi K‡iwb|

       Bgvg Avjx (Avt) e‡jb,

Ò‡h e¨w³ ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi kvdvAvZ †K A¯^xKvi Ki‡e †m Zuvi kvdvAvZ cv‡ebv|Ó[80]

       nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb, Ò‡h †KD Avgvi kvdvAv‡Zi cÖwZ Awek¦vm Ki‡e Zvi fv‡M¨ Avgvi kvdvAvZ RyU‡ebv|Ó[81]

 

 lôZt cÖZviK I †avKvevR bq|

nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb,

Ò‡h †KD Avie‡`i mv‡_ †LqvbZ Ki‡e       †m Avgvi kvdvAvZ ‡_‡K †Kvbiƒc dj †fvM Ki‡e bv|Ó[82]

       we‡kl c‡q›U: GB nv`xm †_‡K eySv hvq †h, Øxwb fvB‡`i mv‡_ †LqvbZ Ki‡j Zv kvdvAv‡Zi Rb¨ evav n‡q `uvovq, Ges D‡j­wLZ nv`x‡m e¨eüZ Avie kãwU ZviB D`vniY wn‡m‡e †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|

 

mßgZt g`‡Lvi bq|

       nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb, ÒAvj­vni Kmg hviv g`‡Lvi Zv‡`i Rb¨ Avgvi kvdvAvZ _vK‡ebv Ges Zviv Avgvi nvD‡Ri (nvD‡R KvDmvi) Kv‡Q Avm‡Z cvi‡ebv|Ó[83]

AôgZt †RbvKvix bq|

       Be‡b kvej n‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) Gi Kv‡Q cÖkœ K‡iwQjvg, GK gymjgvb e¨w³ Zvi PvKivbxi mv‡_ †LqvbZ K‡i‡Q, wKfv‡e †mB cv‡ci kvw¯— †_‡K i¶v †c‡Z cv‡i?

       Bgvg ej‡jb, ÒAek¨B †mB PvKivbxi gvwj‡Ki KvQ †_‡K Aby‡gv`b PvB‡Z n‡e Ges fwel¨‡Z †m AcKg© †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| wR‡Ám Kijvg, hw` †m m¤§wZ bv †`q, wK n‡e?

       Bgvg ej‡jb, Òwbiƒcvq n‡q †RbvKvix Ae¯’vq Avj­vni mv‡_ mv¶vZ Ki‡e|Ó

       ejjvg Zvn‡j Ae‡k‡l Rvnvbœv‡g hv‡e!

       ej‡jb ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg I Avgv‡`i kvdvAv‡Zi gva¨‡g †Zvgiv gyw³ cv‡e Z‡e wK c~bivq †Zvgiv cv‡c wjß n‡e?![84]

Avj­vni Kmg, Avgv‡`i kvdvAvZ Giƒc ¸bvnMvi e¨w³i Rb¨ †cuŠQ‡ebv hZ¶Y †m AvRve †fvM bv Ki‡e Ges †`vR‡Li fqvenZv bv †`L‡e|[85]

 

GKwU cÖkœ:

       Ggb wKQz nv`xm Av‡Q †h, ¯úófv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q hviv we›`y cwigvY Cgv‡bi AwaKvix n‡e ZvivI kvdvAv‡Zi AwaKvix n‡e, †hgb ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb,

ÒkvdvAvZKvixMY kvdvAvZ Ki‡e hviv    Aš—Z c‡¶ Zv‡`i Aš—‡i we›`ygvÎ Cgvb †cvlb Ki‡e|Ó[86]

       GLb cÖkœ nj: GB nv`xmwU c~‡e©v³ nv`x‡mi mv‡_ wKfv‡e mvgbRm¨ iv‡L?

       Reve: Kv‡di, gykwiK Ges hviv bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg I Bgvg‡`i mv‡_ `ykgwb K‡i Zviv wPiw`bB Rvnvbœv‡g _vK‡e, KviY Zviv kvdvAv‡Zi Dc‡hvMx bq| wKš‘ Gme e¨w³ e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ cvcx e¨w³iv wKQzKvj AvRve †fvM Kivi ci m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q kvdvAvZ cv‡e wVK †hgb Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) e‡j‡Qb, Ò†RbvKvixiv †`vR‡Li fqvenZv Abyaveb Ges kvw¯— †fvM Kivi ci kvdvAvZ cv‡e hw` Zv‡`i Aš—‡i Cgvb _v‡K Ges Zviv wPiKvj Rvnvbœv‡g _vK‡ebv|Ó G †_‡K eySv hvq †h, D³ nv`xm `ywUi gv‡S †Kvb we‡iva †bB| D³ e¨w³iv (Cgvb`vi A_P cvcx) wKQzKvj †`vR‡Li kvw¯— †fvM Ki‡jI Ae‡k‡l kvdvAv‡Zi  gva¨‡g †`vR‡Li Av¸b †_‡K gyw³ cv‡e| wVK †hgb Bgvg †iRv e‡j‡Qb, ÒGKZ¡ev`x ¸bvnMvi e¨w³iv Abš—Kvj Rvnvbœv‡g _vK‡ebv, †mLvb †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡e Ges kvdvAvZ cv‡e|Ó[87]

       wVK GKB fv‡e nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡j‡Qb, Òhviv Aš—Z c‡¶ jv Bjvnv Bj­vj­vn ej‡e Ges we›`ygvÎ Cgvb †cvlb Ki‡e †`vR‡Li Av¸b †_‡K gyw³ cv‡e|Ó[88]

       AZGe Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, cvwifvwlK A‡_© kvdvAvZ ïaygvÎ †mme e¨w³i Rb¨B cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Z cv‡i hviv kvdvAv‡Zi †hvM¨|

       GKBfv‡e kvdvAv‡Zi ¯’vb m¤ú‡K© ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, †Kqvg‡Zi w`b †`vR‡L cÖ‡e‡ki ci A_©vr Ggb m¤¢vebv Av‡Q †h, kvdvAv‡Zi †hvM¨ wKQz wKQz e¨w³ cÖ_‡g Rvnvbœv‡gi fqvenZv Abyaveb I AvRve †fvM Kivi ci (GgbwK Zv `xN©Kvj a‡iI n‡Z cv‡i) kvdvAvZ †c‡Z cv‡i|

       GLb Ggb wKQz welq m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kie, †h¸‡jv kvdvAvZ‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i I d‡j wKQz wKQz †jv‡Ki fv‡M¨ †e‡nkZ bmxe nq|

 

1| ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi eskai mš—vb‡`i cÖwZ fvjevmv I mn‡hvwMZv| 

       nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡j‡Qb, ÒAvwg †Kqvg‡Zi w`b 4 cÖKvi e¨w³‡`i‡K kvdvAvZ Kie|

(1) †h e¨w³ Avgvi mš—vb‡`i‡K fvjevm‡e|

(2) †h e¨w³ Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRwbqZv c~iY Ki‡e|

(3) †h e¨w³ Zv‡`i †Kvb KvR Kivi mgq wb‡Ri Amnvq Ae¯’v m‡Z¡I †Póv K‡i _v‡K Zv cvjb Kivi Rb¨|

(4) †h e¨w³ Zvi fvlv I Aš—i Øviv Zv‡`i‡K fvjev‡m|[89]

 

 

2| ‡h e¨w³ nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi cÖwZ `i“` c‡o|

       nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg e‡jb, Ò‡h e¨w³ nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi cÖwZ `i“` c‡o I e‡j †h  †n Avj­vn Zv‡K †Kqvg‡Zi w`b †Zvgvi mvwbœa¨ `vb Ki| Zvi Rb¨ Avgvi kvdvAvZ IqvwRe n‡q hvq|Ó[90]

       ¸i“Z¡c~Y© c‡q›U: Dc‡iv³ nv`xm `ywU‡Z gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg wKQz wKQz e¨w³ m¤ú‡K© ¯úó fvlvq cÖKvk K‡ib †h, kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e| Z‡e Ggb bq †h, †m e¨w³ Qvov Ab¨ KvD‡K wZwb kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb bv| eis Dc‡iv³ nv`xm †_‡K eySv hvq †h, †mw`b wZwb D‡j­wLZ e¨w³‡`i mevi Av‡M kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb hv‡Z Zviv †`vR‡Li AvRve †_‡K AwZ kxNÖ bvhvZ cvq|                     


 

 

mßg Aa¨vq

 

kvdvAvZ I Invex m¤cÖ`v‡qi aviYv

 

kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© Invex m¤cÖ`v‡qi aviYv mg~‡ni g~j

       Invex‡`i aviYv g‡Z hviv wb‡R‡`i mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ bex ivm~j, Awj AvDwjqv I †d‡ikZv‡`i Dwmjv a‡i kvdvAvZ Kvgbv K‡i, Zv‡`i GB KvR‡K wkiK e‡j g‡b K‡i Ges wek¦vm †cvlb K‡i _v‡K †h, gymjgvbiv Gfv‡e bex ivm~j, Awj AvDwjqv I †d‡ikZv‡`i Gev`Z K‡i _v‡K| Avi G Kvi‡bB gynv¤§` Be‡b ZvB wgqv[91] Avãyj Inve Avj­vn Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q kvdvAvZ Kvgbv Kiv‡K Rv‡qh g‡b K‡i bv Ges wbR¯^ G avibv‡K cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ `wjj cÖgvYvw`I †ck K‡i‡Q| mZ¨ I mwVK welqwU ¯úófv‡e cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv me© cÖ_g Zv‡`i `wjjvw` †ck Kie Ges AZtci Zvi Reve †`e|

cÖ_g AvcwË

       Invexiv e‡j _v‡K bex ivm~j I Iwj AvDwjqv‡`i Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Kiv wkiK| gynv¤§` Be‡b Avãyj Inve e‡jb,  ÒGKvR (Avj­vn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ Kv‡ivI Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Kiv) GK cÖKvi ‡kiKx Gev`Z Ges †h e¨w³ Ggb K_v e‡j (Avw¤^qv‡`i Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b K‡i) Zviv Zv‡`i Gev`Z K‡i‡Q|Ó[92]

       Reve:

       GKZ¡ev`x I gykwiK aviYv wbf©i K‡i gvby‡li Avš—wiK wek¦vm I Kg© ZrciZvi Dci, A_©vr hw` Zviv wek¦vm K‡i _v‡K †h, kvdvAvZKvixMY Avj­vni mgZzj¨ Ges Zv‡`i wbR¯^ B”QvgZ hv‡K Lywk kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cv‡i, GgZve¯’vq †QvU LvU Av‡e`bI wki‡Ki mgZyj¨ Ges †m e¨w³ gykwiK|

       wKš‘ Bgvwgqv †MvÎmn mKj gymwjg m¤cÖ`vq kvdvAvZ KvixMY‡K (bex ivm~j I Awj AvDwjqv‡`i †K) Avj­vni LvwU ev›`v e‡j g‡b K‡ib Ges Zv‡`i‡K Avj­vni ˆbKU¨cÖvß I wcÖq e¨w³ e‡j wek¦vm K‡ib| AZGe G wek¦vm g‡Z Zv‡`i Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Kiv †Kvb g‡ZB wki‡Ki mgZzj¨ bq|

wØZxq AvcwË:

       Invexiv e‡j _v‡K †h, bex ivm~j‡`i Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi cÖv_©bv Kiv g~wZ© c~Rv Kivi kvwgj| g~wZ© c~RvixMYI Zv‡`i g~wZ©i Kv‡Q kvdvAvZ Kvgbv K‡i| eo GKRb Invex Av‡jg ÔmvbAvbxÕ e‡jb, ÒgykwiK‡`i Gev`‡Zi GKwU D`vniY nj g~wZ© c~Rv| Zv‡`i Ggb avibv (bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg I Ab¨vb‡`i Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Kiv) Avj­vni Kv‡Q bex ivm~j‡`i Gev`‡Zi mgZzj¨|

 

Reve:

       Rbve ÔmvbAvbxÕ gymwjg‡`i wek¦vm I gykwiK‡`i wek¦vm Gi gv‡S †h wKqvm K‡i‡Q Zv mwVK bq| KviY g~wZ© c~Rvix‡`i AvwK`v wek¦vmg‡Z g~wZ©iv Avj­vni mgZzj¨ A_ev Avj­vni wKQz wKQz KvR †hgb kvdvAvZ I gvM‡divZ Zv‡`i nv‡Z Awc©Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GUv ¯úó †h g~wZ©‡`i †Kvb ¶gZv †bB hvi e‡j Zviv kvdvAvZ Ki‡e KviY †h me cv_i, KvV I gvwUi Øviv ¯^n‡¯— gykwiKiv †mB g~wZ© I cÖwZgv ˆZwi K‡i _v‡K Zv meB ¯^qs Avj­vn Zvjvi m„wó, Ges Gme‡K kvdvAvZ Kiviv Rb¨ m„wó Kiv nqwb| hviv Zv‡`i c~Rv K‡i g~jZ Avj­vni Bev`Z †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q wb‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Avj­vni Awj AvDwjqv I bex ivm~j‡`i Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Kivi KviY nj Zviv Avj­vn Zvjvi LvwU ev›`v, Zviv Avj­vni mvwbœa¨ jvf K‡i‡Q Ges ¯^qs Avj­vn ZvjvB Zv‡`i kvdvAvZ Kivi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| GB ¶gZv Avj­vniB `vb Ges Ggb Kv‡Ri Øviv Avj­vni Gev`Z †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q †bqv nqbv (eis kvdvAvZ cÖv_x©MY Avj­vni Gev`‡Z AZ¨waK gb‡hvMx nq)|[93]

Z…Zxq AvcwË:

       Invexiv wek¦vm K‡i †h, GKgvÎ Avj­vni Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi m„wói Kv‡Q bq| gynv¤§` Be‡b Avãyj Inve G e¨vcv‡i e‡jb, Òme ai‡bi kvdvAvZ GKgvÎ Avj­vni AwaKvi, AZGe Zvui Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Ki| ZvB Avwg (kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`‡bi †cw¶‡Z) e‡j _vwK †h, †n Avj­vn Zvui (bexi) kvdvAvZ †_‡K Avgv‡K ewÂZ Kibv| Zv‡K Avgvi Rb¨ kvdvAvZKvix wbw`©ó Ki| Giƒc Ab¨vb¨ evK¨ mg~n|[94]

        AZtci wZwb wb‡Ri aviYv‡K cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ wb‡gœv³ AvqvZwU hyw³ wn‡m‡e †ck K‡ib,

 Ãóãö ÇÊÎóÐõæÇ ãöä Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ÔÝóÚóÇÁó  Þõáú Ãó æó áóæú ßÇäõæÇ áÇ íóãúáößõæäó ÔíúÆÇð æó áÇ íóÚúÞöáõæäó Þõá áøöáøóåö ÇáÔÝóÚóÉõ ÌóãöíÚÇð  áøóåõ ãõáúß ÇáÓãóæóÊö æó ÇáÃóÑúÖö  Ëõãøó Åöáóíúåö ÊõÑúÌóÚõæäó

Zviv wK Avj­vn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ KvD‡K kvdvAvZ Kvix evwb‡q‡Q? Zv‡`i‡K ej. mKj kvdvAvZ GKgvÎ Avj­vniB Rb¨| `ywbqv I Av‡Liv‡Zi mKj ivRZ¡ GKgvÎ ZvuiB| AZtci mK‡j ZviB w`‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡e|[95]

       Reve:

       ‡Kvb Av‡jg I †gvdv‡m&miB D³ Avqv‡Zi (Zvdmxi cÖm‡½ Zvi gZ) Ggb gZ e¨³ K‡ibwb|

       Avj­vgv Zveviwm D³ Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi cÖm‡½ gyRvwn` Gi KvQ †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib †h, D³ Avqv‡Zi áøöáøóåö ÇáÔÝÇóÚóÉõ ÌóãöíÚÇð As‡ki A_© nj, †Kvb e¨w³B Avj­vni AbygwZ e¨ZxZ kvdvAvZ Ki‡ebv|

       Avj­vgv RvgvLkvwi e‡jb,  áøöáøóåö ÇáÔÝóÇÚóÉõ ÌóãöíÚÇð A_© nj Avj­vni AbygwZ e¨ZxZ Ges ãöä Ïõæäö Çááøóåö Gi A_© nj Avj­vn kvdvAv‡Zi gvwjK Ges †KnB kvdvAvZ Kivi ¶gZv cv‡ebv hw`bv wbgœwjwLZ 2wU kZ© bv _v‡K|

       1| Zvi Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki‡e hvi Dci Avj­vn mš‘ó _vK‡e|

       2| kvdvAvZKvix‡K Avj­vni KvQ †_‡K AbygwZ wb‡Z n‡e|

       Avgv‡`i g‡Z D³ AvqvZwU Zv‡`i wei“‡× hviv Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i nv‡Z Mov KvV, cv_i I gvwUi g~wZ©i Kv‡Q kvdvAvZ Kvgbv K‡i| KviY g~wZ©‡`i †Kvb kw³ †bB kvdvAvZ Kivi| Avqv‡Zi áøöáøóåö ÇáÔÝóÇÚóÉõ ÌóãöíÚÇð As‡ki A_© nj, kvdvAvZ  Kivi ¶gZv g~jZ Avj­vn Zvjvi nv‡Z Ges wZwb Qvov Ab¨ hviv kvdvAvZ Ki‡e Zvui AbygwZ mv‡c‡¶ Zv Ki‡e Ges Avj­vn ZvjvB Zv‡`i‡K †m ¶gZv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb Avi Giƒc gvwjKZ¡ ev ¶gZv Avj­vni mgch©v‡q (cvkvcvwk) bq eis Zvui wbgœch©v‡q|      

PZz_© AvcwË:

       Invexiv e‡j _v‡K, `ywbqv‡Z Kvnv‡iv Kv‡Q kvdvAvZ cÖv_©bv Kiv Rv‡qh bq| Zviv Ò‡kL ivKve Avj gvM‡iwei Kv‡Q wjwLZ GK c‡Î wj‡L‡Q, ÒkvdvAvZ Kiv A‡hŠw³K bq Z‡e `ywbqv‡Z kvdvAv‡Zi cÖv_©bv K‡ivbv, Z‡e Ki‡Z cvi GKgvÎ Avj­vni Kv‡Q (Ab¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q bq) Ges bex ivm~j I Awj AvDwjqv‡`i g„Zz¨i ci Zv‡`i Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi cÖv_©bv Kiv wkiK|[96]

Reve:

kvdvAvZ Kiv GK ai‡bi †`vqv| G K_v‡K wbRvgDÏxb wbkvcyix ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wbgœwjwLZ Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi Gm‡½ e‡jb, ãä íÔÞÚ ÔÝÇÚÉ ÍÓäÉ íßä äÕíÈ ãäåÇ Ò‡h e¨w³ kvdvAv‡Z nvmvbvi Dwmjv ai‡e †m Zvi dj †fvM Ki‡e|Ó

       Avj­vni Kv‡Q kvdvAvZ Kiv wVK GKcÖKvi †`vqv AZGe hw` `ywbqv‡Z kvdvAvZ Kiv nq  (†h‡nZz Zv GK cÖKvi †`vqv) †Kvb Amyweav †bB eis Zv Avj­vni Rb¨ GKwU cQ›`bxq KvR|[97] †KviAv‡bi AvqvZ I cweÎ Bgvg‡`i †_‡K ewY©Z wewfbœ †`vqv m¤^wjZ nv`xm †_‡K eySv hvq †h, ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Rxe×kvq A_ev Zvui g„Zz¨i c‡i Zvui Kv‡Q kvdvAvZ cÖv_©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi ZvB GUv GKUv mybœ‡Z cwibZ n‡q‡Q| †hgb ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Rxe×kvq Avbvm Be‡b gv‡jK Zuvi Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b K‡i‡Qb| Avbvm Be‡b gv‡jK G cÖm‡½ e‡jb, ÒnhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Kv‡Q Av‡e`b K‡iwQjvg †h, †Kqvg‡Zi w`b Avgvi Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Ki“b wZuwb ej‡jb, wVK Av‡Q Kie| wR‡Ám Kijvg: Avcbv‡K ZLb †Kv_vq cve? ej‡jb cyj wmiv‡Zi cv‡k|Ó[98]

       mvIqv` Be‡b Kv‡ie ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi m¤§y‡L GKwU ‡mLv‡b c‡ob,

wZwb ivm~‡ji Rxe×kvq Ges

ZuviB Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b K‡ib|[99]

Avãyj­vn ivIqv‡nI ivm~‡ji Kv‡Q Abyiƒc Av‡iKwU KweZv e‡jb,

wZwbI GB KweZvi gva¨‡g ivm~‡ji (mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg) Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b K‡ib|[100]

       Dc‡iv³ KweZv mg~n †h¸‡jv ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi m¤§y‡L †ck Kiv n‡qwQj Zv †_‡K eySv hvq †h, hw` `ywbqv‡Z kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Kiv Rv‡qh bv n‡Zv Zvn‡j ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg GKvR †K wb‡la Ki‡Zb| 

 

cÂg AvcwË:

       Invexiv wek¦vm K‡i †h, g„Zz¨i c‡i kvdvAvZ cÖv_©bv KivI wkiK| †kL ivMve Avj gvM‡ewe‡K †jLv Aci GK c‡Î Zviv wj‡LwQj:

       bex ivm~j‡`i g„Zz¨i ci Zv‡`i Kv‡Q kvdvAvZ cÖv_©bv Kiv wkiK|[101]

 

Reve:

       bex ivm~j I Awj AvDwjqv‡`i g„Zz¨i Zv‡`i Kv‡Q kvdvAvZ cÖv_©bv Kiv hv‡qR msµvš— h‡_ó ‡`vqv i‡q‡Q ‡m¸‡jvi K‡qKwU bg~bv D‡j­L Kie|

       gyqvweqv Be‡b Av¤§i Bgvg mvw`K (Avt) Gi KvQ †_‡K GKwU nv`xm eY©bv K‡ib, D³ nv`x‡m ejv nq †h, Bgvg Zvi GK mvnvex‡K e‡jb †h bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Ke‡ii Kv‡Q wM‡q Zuvi Dwmjv w`‡q Avj­vni Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Ki hv‡Z †Zvgvi ¸bvn LvZv gvd Kiv nq|

       mybœx‡`i KvQ †_‡K ewY©Z whqviZ hv ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Ke‡ii cv‡k cov nq Zvi eY©bv cÖm‡½ Avj­vgv Avwgwb Òbvejvjx nvbvdx wdj gvivwKÓ Gi KvQ †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib:

      

GB whqviZ †_‡K eySv hvq †h, ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi g„Zz¨i ciI Zuvi Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Kiv nq|[102] 

       AZGe bex ivm~j‡`i g„Zz¨i ciI Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Invex‡`i wek¦vmg‡Z kvdvAvZ cÖv_©bv Kiv Rv‡qh| hw`I a‡i †bB †h, bex ivm~j‡`i g„Zz¨i kvdvAvZ cÖv_©bv Kiv hv‡qR bq wKš‘ Ggb KvR‡K wkiK e‡j Mb¨ Kivi †Kvb hyw³KZv †bB| Zviv m‡e©v”P †h `vexwU Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv n‡jv †h, bex ivm~j‡`i g„Zz¨i ci Zv‡`i Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Kiv A‡hŠw³K|

 

kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© Avn‡j mybœv‡Zi gZvgZ

Invex m¤cÖ`vq e¨ZxZ Ab¨ me gymwjg m¤cÖ`vq bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Kei whqvi‡Z Mgb I Zuvi Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b‡K (Zuvi Rxe×kvq A_ev Idv‡Zi ci) hv‡qR g‡b K‡ib D`vniY¯^iƒc ÒKvmZvjvqxÓ Avn‡j mybœv‡Zi GK Av‡jg e‡jb,

       bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Kei whqviZ Kiv hyw³ m¤§Z, (Zuvi Ke‡ii cv‡k) AwaK KvbœvKvwU I †`vqv Kiv, mvnvh¨ PvIqv, kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Kiv, Zv‡K Dwmjv Kiv meB mwVK I hyw³hy³ KvR| [103]

       Zvi g‡Z wVK †hgb ÒZvnwKK Dj evwQivnÓ Ges Ò‡gmevn Dj KvjvgÓ MÖ‡š’ D‡j­wLZ Av‡Q, wbgœwjwLZ †h †Kvb ¯’vb I mg‡q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Kivi g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| †hgb bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi R‡b¥i c~‡e©I c‡i, Zvi Rxe×kvq, g„Zz¨i ci, eviRv‡L, †Kqvg‡Zi w`e‡m AZtci Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡b|

Avj­vgv Avwgwb, ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b m¤úwK©Z Avn‡j mybœv‡Zi gZvgZ‡K wbgœwjwLZ fv‡e D‡j­L K‡ib|

1| Avj­vni Kv‡Q cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwb‡mi Av‡e`b bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi eiKZ I Dwmjvq

2| ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Kv‡Q †`vqvi Av‡e`b|

wZwb e‡jb: Dc‡iv³ `yÕfv‡e Av‡e`b Kiv †h †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Rv‡qh|

3| Av‡e`b Kiv n‡e bexi Kv‡Q, GB A‡_© †h, Avj­vni Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Kivi d‡j wZwb kvdvAv‡Zi AbygwZ cv‡eb Ges GKvi‡Y wZwb kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Aek¨ G welqwUI wØZxq welqwUi Abyiƒc, KviY `yB I wZb b¤^i welqwU evwn¨K fv‡e `yÕiKg g‡b nq Z‡e mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e `ywU GKB welq|

       Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ¯úó nq †h Avn‡j mybœv‡Zi g‡ZI nhiZ gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Rxe×kvq A_ev g„Zz¨i ci Dfq ¯’v‡bB Rv‡qh|

kvdvAv‡Zi m¤ú‡K© Invex m¤cÖ`v‡qi wek¦vm ch©v‡jvPbv I M‡elbv Kivi djvdj:

       Ab¨vb¨ gymwjg m¤cÖ`v‡qi gZ InvexivI kvdvAv‡Zi NUbv‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb, wVK †hgb gynv¤§` Be‡b Avãyj Inve e‡jb, Òhw` ejv nq, Zzwg wK bex‡K A¯^xKvi Ki Ges Zuvi kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© bvivR? e‡j `vI, Avwg bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg †K I Zvui kvdvAvZ‡K A¯^xKvi Kwibv, eis Avwg wek¦vm Kwi †h, wZwb kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb Ges Avgvi bmx‡e Zuvi kvdvAvZ n‡e e‡j g‡b Kwi|

       Z‡e Ab¨vb¨ m¤cÖ`v‡qi mv‡_ Zv‡`i cv_©K¨ nj †h, Zviv e‡j _v‡K GKgvÎ Avj­vni Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Ki‡Z n‡e KviY Avj­vn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Kiv wkiK|

       GKBfv‡e Av‡jg m¤cÖ`v‡qi gZvgZ ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi ci ¯úó cÖZxqgvb nq †h, kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b I †`vqvi g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB Ges bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Ki‡j †Kvb Amyweav †bB †hgb hw` †Kn Gfv‡e e‡j:

       ‡n Avj­vni ivm~j kvdvAvZ Ki“b|

A_ev Çááåãø ÇÑÒÞäí ÔÝÇÚÊå ‡n Avj­vn Zvi kvdvAvZ Avgvi Rb¨ bmxe Ki|

       GKBfv‡e †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB †h †m wb‡R Av‡e`b K‡i A_ev Kv‡ivI Dwmjv a‡i Av‡e`b K‡i, Zvui Rxe×kvq, A_ev g„Zz¨i ci| Z‡e BwZnv‡mi 7g kZvãx‡Z Be‡b ZvBwgqv wPivwiZ G welq‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb Ges 8g kZvãx‡Z gynv¤§` Be‡b Avãyj Inve Zvi mv‡_ GKvZ¡Zv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|

       Avgiv Avkv †cvlb KiwQ †h, Avgv‡`i Dc¯’vwcZ hyw³ I cÖgvbv`x Aa¨qb Kivi ci kvdvAv‡Zi mwZ¨Kvi welqwU bxwZevb †jvK‡`i Rb¨ †evaMg¨ n‡e Ges bex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Kv‡Q kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Kiv †Kvb iKg wkiK bq| Z‡e wKQz wKQz e¨w³ Av‡Q hviv e‡j _v‡K †h, †h e¨w³ kvdvAv‡Zi Av‡e`b Ki‡e Zvi i³cvZ Kiv nvjvj|


 

 

kvdvAvZ m¤úwK©Z AvcwËg~jK cÖkœv`x I Reve mg~n

cÖ_g cÖkœ:

       kvdvAv‡Zi cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡j, gvby‡li g‡b Anévi I ¸bvn Kivi cÖeYZv e„w× cvq Ges diR KvR mg~n cvj‡b wbw®ŒqZv cÖKvk K‡i| KviY kvdvAv‡Zi myweav †fvM Kivi cÖwZ wek¦v‡mi d‡j g‡b K‡i _v‡K †h, Zv‡K Avi kvw¯— †`qv n‡e bv|

 

Reve:

‡KviAv‡bi AvqvZ mg~n kvdvAv‡Zi welq‡K mvwe©Kfv‡e wb‡`©kbv cÖKvk K‡i wKš‘ Ggb †Kvb `wjj †bB †h, †Kvb e¨w³ ej‡Z cvi‡e †h, Zv‡K Aek¨B kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e| AZGe †KD wbwðZ fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡ebv †h, Zv‡K kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e Ges ‡m Aek¨B †`vR‡Li Avhve †_‡K gyw³ cv‡e| Ab¨w`‡K kvdvAv‡Zi ¯’vbI Kv‡iv Rb¨ wbw`©ó bq †h, †Kqvg‡Z A_ev Rvnvbœv‡gi  †Kvb ch©v‡q Zv‡K kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e? D`vniY ¯^iƒc GKwU Ònv`x‡m nvmvbvÓ †hLv‡b Bgvg (Avt) e‡jb, Ò†`vh‡L cÖ‡ek K‡i wKQz Kvj kvw¯— †fvM Kivi ci (wKQz †jvK) kvdvAv‡Zi gva¨‡g gyw³ cv‡e|Ó

       Imgvb Be‡b Cmv, Be‡b gvKvb Gi KvQ †_‡K, †m Avwe evwQ‡ii KvQ †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib †h, Avwg Bgvg ev‡Ki (Avt) Gi KvQ †_‡K ï‡bwQ †h, wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÒGK`j †jvK Rvnvbœv‡g R¡j‡e I GKwU ch©vq AwZµg nIqvi ci kvdvAv‡Zi myweav †fvM Ki‡e|Ó[104]

       Bgvg ev‡Ki (Avt) e‡jb, Ò‡`vR‡L Ae¯’vbKvix Kv‡di I gykwiKiv Zv‡`i cvk©eZx© GKZ¡ev`x‡`i w`‡K j¶¨ K‡i ej‡e †h †Zvgv‡`i GKZ¡ev`xZv †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ †Kvb g½j e‡q Av‡bwb, †Zvgv‡`i I Avgv‡`i gv‡S †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB Avgiv Df‡qB mgvb (mg AvRv‡ei AwaKvix)|

       ZLb Avj­vn Zvjv †mB GKZ¡ev`x‡`i cÖwZ `„wócvZ Ki‡eb Ges †d‡ikZv‡`i ej‡eb, kvdvAvZ Ki| AZGe Avj­vn hv‡K PvB‡eb Zvi Rb¨ †d‡ikZviv kvdvAvZ Ki‡e| [105]

       msw¶ßfv‡e ejv hvq †h, Ggb Awbw`©ó I AwbðZ kvdvAv‡Zi myweav gvby‡li D×Z Ki‡Z cv‡ibv KviY, gvby‡li ¶gZv †bB GK g~ûZ© Rvnvbœ‡gi Av¸b I AvRve‡K mn¨ Ki‡e| AZGe †m ¸bvn †_‡K `~‡i †_‡K Avj­vni Gev`‡Z gMœ _vK‡Z eva¨|

       Ab¨ w`‡K †m mKj gnvb e¨w³eM© hviv Øxb I ag©‡K `ywbqv‡Z cÖwZwóZ Kivi Rb¨ G‡mwQ‡jb Zv‡`i c¶ †_‡K Zv‡`i Abymvwi‡`i Rb¨ Ggb GKwU Avkvi evwb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb †h Zviv mycvwik K‡i Zv‡`i‡K wec` ‡_‡K D×vi Ki‡eb Ges gywgbiv Zv‡`i kvdvAv‡Zi Avkv †cvlb Ki‡e Ges Avkvi `iRv Zv‡`i Rb¨ me©`vB D¤§y³ _vK‡e|

 

wØZxq cÖkœ

¸bvnMvi e¨w³ ZIevi gva¨‡g AvRve †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j kvdvAv‡Zi Avi Kx cÖ‡qvRb _vK‡Z cv‡i?

 

Reve

Avj­vn Zvjv ZIev I kvdvAvZ hv ¸bvn ¶gv Kivi `ywU cš’v Df‡qi cÖ‡Z¨KwU welq‡K we‡kl GK D‡Ï‡k¨ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb, ZIev m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q †h,

       AbyZvc, Avj­vni Aeva¨Zv †_‡K wd‡i Avmv I kqZv‡bi bv‡K gy‡L gvwU †g‡L †`qvi Kvi‡Y ZIev Keyj Kiv nq| Ab¨w`‡K kvdvAvZ m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q ‡h, Awj I AvDwjqv‡`i kvdvAvZ Keyj Kivi KviY nj Avj­vn Zvjv Zv‡`i‡K fvjev‡mb Ges Zv‡`i cÖwZ we‡kl m¤§vb cÖ`k©b K‡i _v‡Kb|

Z…Zxq cÖkœ:

       Avj­vn Zvjv Iqv`v w`‡q‡Qb †h, ¸bvnMvi‡`i kvw¯— w`‡eb| hw` kvdvAv‡Zi gva¨‡g ¸bvnMvi gyw³ cvq Zvn‡j Zv Avj­vni Iqv`vi mv‡_ mvgbRm¨nxb|

       Ýóáóä ÊÌöÏó áöÓäøóÊö Çááøóåö ÊóÈúÏöíáÇð  æó áóä ÊÌöÏó áöÓäøóÊö Çááøóåö ÊÍúæöíáÇð

       Avj­vni mybœZ I c×wZ‡Z †Kvb iKg cwieZ©b I cwi‡kvab †`L‡Z cv‡ebv[106]

       GB AvqvZ †_‡K ¯úó eySv hvq †h, Avj­vni mybœZ I c×wZ‡Z †KvbiKg cwieZ©b n‡ebv|

 

Reve

AvcwËKvixMY aviYv K‡i‡Qb †h, Avj­vni mybœZ I c×wZ ïaygvÎ ¸bvnMvi‡`i AvRve †`qvi g‡a¨B wbwnZ Ges kvdvAv‡Zi gva¨‡g hw` Zv ¶gv Kiv nq Zvn‡j Zv Avj­vni AvB‡bi e¨wZµg| wKš‘ Avj­vni mybœZ I c×wZ ïaygvÎ Zvui ev›`v‡`i kvw¯— I ûgwKi g‡a¨B mxwgZ bq eis kvdvAv‡Zi gva¨‡g ¸bvnLvZv ¶gv Kiv ZuviB  wbwðZ GK mybœZ I c×wZ hv Dchy³ mgq I †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e| Avj­vn Zvjvi ingZ I gvM‡div‡Zi gZ A‡bK ¸Y ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv kvdvAv‡Zi g‡a¨ ev¯—evwqZ nq|

PZz_© cÖkœ:

       kvdvAvZ Kvix‡`i kvdvAvZ Avj­vni B”Qvi Dci GK ai‡bi cÖfve ev ¶gZv cÖ`k©b ¯^iƒc KviY kvdvAvZKvixiv Pvq Zv‡`i‡K (¸bvnMvi‡`i‡K) AvRve †_‡K gyw³ w`‡Z hv‡`i‡K Avj­vn Zvjv Pvb kvw¯— w`‡Z|

 

Reve:

kvdvAvZ Kvix‡`i kvdvAvZ ZLbB MÖnb‡hvM¨ n‡e hLb Avj­vn Zvjv Zv‡Z AbygwZ w`‡eb| wKš‘ hw` kvdvAvZKvix Avj­vni B”Qvi Dci cÖfve †dj‡Zv Zvn‡j Avj­vni AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Zv bv, eis Zv AbymiY Ki‡Z Avj­vn Zvjv eva¨ _vK‡Zb| g~jZ ev¯—‡e Zvi wecixZ| D`vniY ¯^iƒc, hw` Ggb n‡Zv †h kvdvAvZKvix Zvi Awab¯— Kv‡iv Kv‡Q mycvwik Ki‡e hvi Dci Zvi KZ…©Z¡ i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ kvdvAvZ Ggb bq KviY kvdvAvZ ïaygvÎ Avj­vni AbygwZ mv‡c‡¶ MÖnb‡hvM¨| AZGe Zv Avj­vni B”Qvi Dci cÖfve we¯—vi Ki‡Z cv‡ibv|

cÂg cÖkœ

       Avj­vni fvjevmv Adziš—, Avi hw` kvdvAvZ †_‡KB _v‡K Z‡e †Kb, me gvbyl kvdvAv‡Zi myweav †fvM Ki‡ebv?

 

Reve

Òme gvbyl kvdvAv‡Zi myweav cv‡ebvÓ Gi A_© GB bq †h, Avj­vni ingZ I †g‡nievbx mxwgZ| g~jZt Gi A_© nj Ab¨ †jvKRb Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i `~e©jZv I mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡YB kvdvAvZ cvIqvi †hvM¨Zv nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q| D`vniY ¯^iƒc ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, GKRb we‡klÁ Wv³vi cv‡ibv †Kvb g„Z e¨w³‡K RxweZ Ki‡Z, KviY H †jvK †e‡Pu _vKvi †hvM¨Zv I ¶gZv nvwo‡q †d‡j‡Q G‡Z Wv³v‡ii AcviMZv cÖKvk cvqbv|

       g~jZt cÖZ¨K gvbylB cv‡i kvdvAvZ cvIqvi †hvM¨Zv I kZ©mg~n AR©b Ki‡Z Ges hvi d‡j †m †Lv`vqx ingZ †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

ló cÖkœ:

       kvdvAvZKvix‡`i fvjevmv I gneŸZ Kx Avj­vni gneŸZ I fvjevmvi †P‡q †ewk? hw` ZvB bv nq Zvn‡j †Kb kvdvAvZ Kvix‡`i Dwmjvq Avj­vni ing‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e?

 

Reve:

GUv ¯úó †h, Avj­vni ingZ Ab¨ mK‡ji PvB‡Z †ewk, wKš‘ wZwbB †P‡q‡Qb †h, Zuvi gneŸZ Zv‡`i Dwmjvq Avm‡e hv‡Z †Lv`vqx ing‡Zi cvkvcvwk Avj­vni Kv‡Q kvdvAvZ Kvix‡`i Ae¯’vb I gh©v`v gvbyl Kv‡Q ¯úó nq Ges GB Dwmjvq gvbyl Avj­vni mvwbœa¨ jvf Ki‡e Ges mdjZvi Pvwe AR©b Ki‡e|

Dcmsnvi:

       Avgiv mevB Aek¨ Rxeb Pjvi c‡_ ZvKIqv (†Lv`vfxwZ) AR©b I ¸bvn LvZv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡ev| KviY ZLbB kvdvAvZ cvIqv m¤¢e hw` Cgvb›`vi Ae¯’vq (†h Ae¯’vq Avj­vn mš‘ó _vK‡eb) g„Zz¨eiY K‡i Avj­vni mv¶v‡Z wgwjZ ne| j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †h, hw` AwaK ¸bvn Kiv nq A_ev Kweiv ¸bvn Kiv nq Zvn‡j Zv Cgv‡bi c‡_ Aš—ivq n‡q `uvov‡e Ges hw` †m Ae¯’vq ZIev bv K‡iB †Kn gyZz¨ eiY K‡i Zvn‡j Zvi Rb¨ ciKvj AZ¨š— KwVb n‡e| AZGe gvbyl gvÎB me©`v fq I Avkv wb‡q †e‡Pu _vK‡Z n‡e (fq G Kvi‡Y †h, nq‡Zv  kvdvAvZ bmx‡e n‡ebv, Avkv GRb¨ †h, hw` kvdvAvZ cvIqv hvq Zv‡n‡j ciKv‡j ab¨ nIqv hv‡e)|

       ‡KviAvb nv`x‡mi D‡j­wLZ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, kvdvAvZ Aek¨B ¸bvnMvi‡`i Rb¨ wKš‘ †KnB wbw`©ó K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡ebv †h, Zvi Kcv‡j kvdvAvZ _vK‡e Ges Rvnvbœv‡gi me iKg AvRve †_‡K †m kvdvAv‡Zi gva¨‡g gyw³ cv‡e| AZGe, Avgiv mevB me©`v ZvKIqv (†Lv`vfxwZ) AR©b Kivi †Póv Kie Ges AcKg© I ¸bvn †_‡K weiZ _vK‡ev| KviY ¸bv‡ni Kvi‡Y Cgvb `~e©j nq Ges Aš—i gwjb n‡q hvq, AwaKš‘ wKQz wKQz ¸bvn wkiK KiviI KviY n‡q `vovq|

ÇáÍãÏ ááå ÇáÐí Úáی ãÇ åÏÇäÇ áåÐÇ æ ãÇ ˜äøÇ áäåÊÏí áæ áÇ Çä åÏÇäÇ Çááå

 

 

 

MÖš’ cwiwPwZ

1| cweÎ †KviAvb gwR`

2| Avj& †gvmbv`, Avng` Be‡b nvš^j (g„Zz¨-241 wn:)|

3| Avm& mvnxn&, †gvnv¤§` Be‡b BmgvBj eyLvix, (g„-256 wn:)|

4| Avm& mvnxn, †gvm‡jg Be‡b †nRvR Kvwkix, (g„-261 wn:)|

5| mvwndvZz mv¾vw`q¨vn, Bgvg Avjx Be‡b ûmvBb Rqbyj Av‡e`xb (Avt)|

6| mybv‡b wZiwgwh, Avey Cmv †gvnv¤§` Be‡b Cmv wZiwgwh, (209- 279 wnt)|

7| mybv‡b Be‡b gvRvn, †gvnv¤§` Be‡b BqvwR` KvRwfwb (207- 275 wnt)|

8| Dq~‡b AvLev‡i †iRv, †kL mv`yK (g„: 381 wnt)|

9| bvn&R Dj evjvMvn kvwid ivhx (g„- (406)|

10| AvIqv‡qj Dj gvKvjvZ, †kL gywd`, †gvnv¤§` Be‡b ‡bvÕgvb (336- 413 wnt)|

11| Avgvwj, †kLZzmx, †gvnv¤§` Be‡b nvmvb, (358- 460wnt)|

12| Zvdmx‡i gvRgvDj evqvb I Rv‡gDj RvIqv‡g, †kL Zvevimx Avj dvRj Be‡b nvmvb Be‡b dvR‡j Zvevimx (470- 538 wnt)|

13| Avj eveDj nv`x Avkvi, Avj­vgv wnwj­, nvmvb Be‡b BDmyd †gvZvn&nvi (648- 726 wnt)|

14| wenvi Dj Av‡bvqvi, Avj­vgv †gvnv¤§` ev‡Ki gvRwjwm (g„: 1111 wnt)|

15| nv°zj BqvwKb, mvB‡q¨` Avãyj­vn kvweŸi (g„: 1242 wnt)|

16| Kvkdzk kvnve, †gvnv¤§` Be‡b Avãyj Inve, (1g„: 206 wnt)|

17| Zvdmxi Dj wgbvi, gynv¤§` ivwk` †iRv, (g„-1354 wnt)|

18| Zvdmx‡i RvIqv‡ni, ZvbZvfx|

19| Avj Mv`xi, Avãyj †nvmvBb Avngv` bvRvdx Avj Avwgbx (1320- 1390 wnt)|

20| Avj wgRvb wd Zvdmxi“j †KviAvb, Zvev Zvevqx, mvB‡q¨` †gvnv¤§` †nvmvBb (g„: 1402 wnt)|

21| gvdvwng~j †KviAvb, D¯—v` Rvdi †mvevnvbx|

22| Dmy‡j Kvdx, †kL KzjvBwb, †gvnv¤§` Be‡b BqvKze (g„:329 wnt)|

23| Zvdmx‡i dL‡i ivhx, †gvnv¤§` Be‡b AvwZe (544- 606 wnt)|

24| Kvkdzj GiwZqve, mvB‡q¨` †gvn‡mb Avwgb|

(( æ ÂÎÑ ÏÚæÇäÇ Çä ÇáÍãÏ ááå ÑÈø ÇáÚÇáãíä))

 

-mgvß-


 

2]| KvbR KvivwPK, 39549| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 8, c„: 40|

[3]| KvbR KvivwPK, 39055|

[4]| Zvdmx‡i dLi“Ïxb ivhx, LÊ- 3, c„: 65|

[5]| Zvdmxi“j RvËv‡nix, LÊ- 1, c„: 63|

[6]| mnxn gymwjg Gi e¨vL¨v, LÊ- 3, c„: 57|

[7]| AvËv‡qjyj gvKvjvZ, c„- 14, 15|

[8]| Zvdmx‡i dLi“Ïxb ivhx, LÊ- 3, c„: 59|

[9]| m~iv evKviv, AvqvZ - 48|

[10]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 8, c„: 39|

[11]| evKviv, AvqvZ 256|

[12]| gymbv‡` Avngv`, LÊ- 5, c„: 43|

[13]| Ggvwj‡q mv`yK, c„: 5|

[14]| AvKv‡q‡` mv`yK|

[15]| Zvdmx‡i dLi“Ïxb ivhx, LÊ- 3, c„:61|

[16]| m~iv BbwdZvi, 14, 15, 16|

[17]| Avj LvIqv‡iR wdj Bmjvg, c„: 102|

[18]| m~iv wbmv- 48|

[19] | m~iv whjhvj, 7|

[20]| Kvkdzj gyiv`, c„: 328, 329|

[21]| m~iv `ynv, AvqvZ- 5|

[22]| m~iv Gmivs AvqvZ- 79|

[23]| m~iv ïqviv, AvqvZ 100|

[24]| m~iv gyÏv‡m¨i, AvqvZ -48|

[25]| Avj Kvdx, LÊ- 3, c„: 242, nv`xm- 3|

[26]| Zvdmxi Avj wgRvb, LÊ- 1, c„: 174|

[27]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 2, c„: 194|

[28]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 6, c„: 217, nv`xm- 10|

[29]| m~iv BDbym- 3|

[30]| m~iv evKviv- 255|

[31]| m~iv hyLi“d- 86|

[32]| m~iv Zvnv- 109|

[33]| Avj wgRvb, LÊ- 14, c„: 212|

[34]| m~iv gvwiqvg, 87|

[35]| ‡Lmvjy mv`yK, c„- 156|

[36]| m~iv Avwš^qv, 26|

[37]| Av` `yii“j gvbmyi, LÊ- 4, c„: 97|

[38]| Zvdmxi Avj †evinvb, LÊ- 2, 438- 440|

[39]| mybv‡b wZiwgwR, LÊ- 5, c„: 247| mybv‡b Be‡b gvRvn 2/1443|

[40]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi LÊ- 8, c„: 48|

[41]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi LÊ- 8, c„:47, 48|

[42]| mybv‡b Avwe gvwR`, LÊ- 2, c„: 1440|

[43]| Avgvwj mv`yK, nv°zj BqvwKb, kvei, c„: 137|

[44]| gvbv‡Ke Be‡b kvn‡i Aïe, LÊ-2, c„: 15| gvRgvDj evqvb, LÊ- 1, c„: 104|

[45]| gvbv‡Ke Be‡b kvn‡i Aïe, LÊ-2, c„: 14| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi LÊ- 8, c„: 43, nv`xm- 39|

[46]| gvbv‡Ke Be‡b kvn‡i Aïe, LÊ-2, c„: 15|

[47]| †Lmv‡j mv`yK, c„: 624|

[48]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi LÊ- 8, c„: 43|

[49]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi LÊ- 43, c„: 65|

[50]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi LÊ- 8, c„: 51|

[51]| Avgvwj mv`yK, 291|

[52]| m~iv ïiv- 5|

[53]| m~iv bvRg, 26|

[54]| mnxn eyLvix, LÊ- 9, c„- 160|

[55]| mybv‡b †bmvix, LÊ- 2, c„: 181|

[56]| gymbv‡` Avng`, LÊ- 2, c„: 174|

[57]| gymbv‡` Avng`, LÊ-5, c„: 249- 251|

[58]| gymbv‡` Avng`, LÊ-2, c„: 99|

[59]| gvbv‡Ke, LÊ-2, c„: 14|

[60]| bvnvRyj evjvMv, †LvZev- 171|

[61]| mybv‡j Be‡b gvRvn,

[62]| mybv‡b Be‡b `vD`, LÊ-2, c„: 15|

[63]| wenvi , LÊ-8, c„: 56|

[64]| †gvnv‡mb eviKx, c„: 184|

[65]| bvnvRyj evjvMv, LÊ- 3, c„: 242|

[66]| gvbv‡Ke Be‡b Aïe, LÊ- 2, c„: 14|

[67]| gymbv‡` Avng`, LÊ- 2, c„: 174|

[68]| gymbv‡` Avng`, LÊ- 6,  c„ :448|

[69]| mwndv‡q mv¾vw`qv, c„: 165|

[70]| m~iv bvRg-39|

[71]| m~iv whjhvj- 7-8|

[72]| m~iv Zzi- 21|

[73]| mybv‡b Be‡b gvRvn, LÊ-2, c„: 1440, gymbv‡` Avng` 1/281|

[74]| m~iv gyÏvm‡mi, 40- 48|

[75]| m~iv †kvqviv, AvqvZ -95- 101|

[76]| gvnvwmb eviKx, c„: 184|

[77]| Avgvjx‡q mv`yK, c„: 177|

[78]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 44, c„: 328|

[79]| Dmy‡j Kvwd, LÊ- 6, c„: 400|

[80]| Avgvjx‡q mv`yK, c„: 5-7|

[81]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 8 c„: 34, nv`xm bs- 4|

[82]| gmb‡` Avng`, 1/72|

[83]| gmbv‡` Avng` LÊ- 1, c„: 72| 

[84]| Dmy‡j Kvwd, LÊ- 6, c„: 400|

[85]| Dmy‡j Kvwd, LÊ-5, c„: 469|

[86]| gmbv‡` Avng` LÊ- 3,  c„: 345|

[87]| Dqyby AvLiv‡i †iRv, LÊ- 2, c„: 125|

[88]| gmbv‡` Avng` LÊ- 3,  c„: 335|

[89]| Dqyby AvLev‡i †iRv, LÊ- 2, c„: 24| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 8, c„: 49|

[90]| gmbv‡` Avng` LÊ- 4,  c„: 108|

[91]| Be‡b ZvB wgqvi Rxebx‡Z we¯—vwiZ eY©bv i‡q‡Q|

[92]| Avj nvw`qvZzm mywbœq¨vn, c„: 42|

[93]| Kvkdzj GiwZqve|

[94]| gvRgvDj evqvb, LÊ- 4, c„: 501|

[95]| m~iv Rygvi, 43, 44|

[96]| Kvkdzj GiwZqe|

[97]| gvKv‡Zj|

[98]| Kvkdzj GiwZqe, c„: 263|

[99]| KvgymDi †iRvj, LÊ- 5, c„: 21|

[100]| Kvkdzj GiwZqe|

[101]| Kvkdzj GiwZqe|

[102]| Avj Mv`xi, LÊ- 5, c„: 139|

[103]| Avj gvIqv‡ne Av` `vwbq¨vn, LÊ- 8, c„: 317, Avj Mv`xi, LÊ- 5, c„: 144|

[104]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 8, c„: 361|

[105]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 8, c„: 279|

[106]| m~iv dvwZi, 43|

 

[1]| m~iv evKviv, AvqvZ- 47, 48|

[2]| m~iv evKviv, AvqvZ- 122, 123| c~e©eZx© Avqv‡Zi Abyiƒc A_© ïay `yB GKwU  A‡_©i ¯’vb cwieZ©b n‡e|

[3]| m~iv AvbAvg, AvqvZ- 94|

[4]| m~iv evKviv- 225|

[5]| m~iv evKviv, AvqvZ- 255|

[6]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 8, c„- 38|

[7]| m~iv gyÏvm&‡mi, AvqvZ- 48|

[8]| Zvdmxi Avj wgRvb, LÊ-1, c„: 167|

[9]| `vjv‡qjyj GÕRvhyj wgRvb, LÊ- 1, c„: 167|

[10]| m~iv Avbweqv, AvqvZ- 28|

[11]| m~iv bvRg, AvqvZ- 26|

[12]| m~iv Zvnv, AvqvZ-109|

[13]| Zvdmx‡i hvqv‡gDj Rv‡g, c„:286| 

[14]| gvbmy‡i Rvwf`, LÊ- 8, c„: 49|

[15]| m~iv mvev, AvqvZ- 23|

[16]| m~iv gvwiqvg, AvqvZ- 86, 87|

[17]| m~iv hyLi“d, AvqvZ- 86|

[18]| m~iv `ynv, AvqvZ- 5|

[19]| Avgvjx mv`yK, Avj wgRvb, LÊ- 1, c„: 177|

[20]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 8, c„- 57|

[21]| m~iv ewbBmªvBj, AvqvZ- 79, m~iv Gmivs AvqvZ- 79|

[22]| gmb‡` Avngv`, LÊ- 2, c„- 528| mybv‡b wZiwbwR 4/ 365|

[23]| Zvdmx‡i dvL‡i ivhx, LÊ- 21, c„: 31|

[24]| Zvdmx‡i †eBRvfx, LÊ- 3, c„: 209| 

[25]| Zvdmxi Avj wgRvb, LÊ-1, c„: 18, 2, 183|

[26]| Zvdmxi dLi“Ïxb ivhx, LÊ- 3, c„- 64, 65|

[27]| Kvkd‚j gyiv`, c„: 416|

[28]| Kvkd‚j gyiv`, c„: 416| 

[29]| gvRgvDj evqvb, LÊ  2, c„- 435|

[30]| mnxK gymwjg Gi e¨vL¨v, LÊ- 3, c„: 57|

[31]| kviûj gvKvwm`, LÊ- 5, c„: 157|

[32]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 8, c„: 42|

[33]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 8, c„: 38|

[34]| wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 8, c„: 59|

[1]| gydiv`v‡Z iv‡Me, c„- 263|

[2]| Avj gwÄ` Awfavb, c„- 395|

[3]| kvi‡n ZvRwi`, c„- 262|

[4]| Avj †bnvqvZz wd Mvwieyj nvw`m Iqvj Avmvi c„- 485|

[5]| Avj †bnvqvZz wd Mvwieyj nvw`m Iqvj Avmvi c„- 485|

[6]| Zvdmxi Avj wgRvb, LÊ- 1, c„: 159, 162|

[7]| m~iv BDbym, AvqvZ- 3|  

[8]| m~iv dziKvb, AvqvZ-70|

[9]| Zvdmxi Avj wgRvb, cÖ_g LÊ, c„: 160|

[10]| m~iv Gmiv, AvqvZ- 71|

[11]| m~iv û`, AvqvZ- 98|

[12]| gymbv‡` Avngv`, LÊ-2, c„: 174|

[13]| Zvdmxi Avj RvIqv‡ni, LÊ-1, c„: 65|

[14]| m~iv Mv‡di, AvqvZ-7|

[1]| †Lmvj, wenvi“j Av‡bvqvi, LÊ- 8, c„: 39, eBi“Z wc›U|

 

index